1868.] Mr. J. Wood on Variations in Human Myology, 501 



the sheath as a separate tendon. The former of these arrangements has 

 been observed by the older anatomists,' Fleischmann, Loschge, Gantzer, and 

 Meckel. Both represent very closely the tendinous connexion usually ex- 

 isting between the long flexors of the toes as a slip from the flexor hallucis 

 to the second, third, and sometimes the fourth tendons of the flexor com- 

 munis. In his paper of 1866 (p. 235) the author described a variety in 

 which the communicating slip passed in the opposite direction, viz. from 

 the indicial tendon of the profundus to the flexor longus pollicis, an ar- 

 rangement which is found in the Gorilla, according to Duvernoy, and in the 

 Chimpanzee as described by Professor Wilder (Boston Journ. of Nat. Hist, 

 vii. 364). This resembles an occasional variety in the communicating slip 

 between the homologous tendons in the foot of the human subject. 



21. Lumhricales manus. — Besides the abnormal origin of the first lum- 

 bricalis before alluded to, there were 8 other irregularities affecting these 

 muscles in the 36 subjects. In Nos. 5 and 10, male, and No. 36, female, 

 the second lumbricalis was bipenniform in its origin from the contiguous 

 sides of the first and second perforating tendons. In the left arm of Nos. 4 

 and 18, and in both arms of No. 8, all males, the M2>c? lumbricalis was bi- 

 furcated, with a double insertion into the extensor aponeurosis of the third 

 and fourth digits. This was the case also in the left arm of No. 7, while 

 in the right arm, both the third and fourth lumbricales were bifurcated and 

 inserted into the contiguous sides of their opposing digits. In the left arm 

 of No. 18 the fourth lumbricalis was absent. In the left arm of No. 17 a 

 slip of communication was observed between the origin of the first palmar 

 interosseus and the middle of the first lumbricalis, which thereby assumed 

 the appearance of a bipenniform muscle, an abnormality which does not ap- 

 pear to have been before recorded. All these subjects but one were males ; 

 4 were found on both sides, 3 on the left only, and 1 on the right only. 



Out of 102 subjects, viz. 68 males and 34 females, examined by the author, 

 some of the lumbricales of the hand have been found abnormal in 19. In 

 4 of these, abnormalities of two kinds occurred, making altogether 23 spe- 

 cimens ; 15 were males and 4 only females, giving a proportion of twice as 

 frequent in the male sex. 8 were found on both sides, 8 on the right side 

 only, and 7 on the left only. The second was doubled in its insertion once 

 only, in the left hand ; and was bipenniform in its origin in two instances. 

 The third was bifurcated and double at its insertion in 10 instances, in 6 on 

 both sides, 2 in the right, and 2 in the left hand only. It was bipenniform 

 in its origin in 2 subjects, in both hands. The fourth was doubled in 2 in- 

 stances, 1 in the right and 1 in the left hand. In one female it supplied, 

 in both hands, the perforatus tendon of the fifth digit. Once it was inserted 

 into the ulnar side of the ring- digit instead of the little finger, as has been 

 observed by Moser and Theile ; and in three instances it was totally want- 

 ing — once on the right and twice on the left side. The last abnormality 

 has been recorded by Soemmerring and Meckel. The above figures are 

 considerably smaller than those given by Froment (Recherch. sur plusieurs 



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