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SIVATHERIUM GIGANTEUM, 

 A NEW FOSSIL RUMINANT GENUS 



FROM THE VALLEY OF THE MARKANDA, IN THE SIVA'LIK BRANCH 

 OF THE SUB-HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. 



By HUGH FALCONER, M. D. 



Superintendent Botanical Garden, Sahdranpur, 

 AND 



Captain P. T. CAUTLEY, 



Superintendent, Doab Canal. 



The fossil which we are about to describe forms a new accession to 

 extinct Zoology. This circumstance alone would give much interest to 

 it. But in addition, the large size, surpassing the Rhinoceros ; the family 

 of Mammalia to which it belongs ; and the forms of structure which it 

 exhibits ; render the Sivatkerium one of the most remarkable of the past 

 tenants of the globe, that have hitherto been detected in the more recent 

 strata. 



Of the numerous fossil mammiferous genera discovered and established 

 by CuviER, all were confined to the Pachydermata. The species belonging 

 to other families, have all their living representatives on the earth. Among 

 the Ruminantia, no remarkable deviation from existing types has hitherto 

 been discovered, the fossil being closely allied to living species. The 

 isolated position, however, of the Giraffe and the Camelidae, made it 

 probable, that certain genera have become extinct, which formed the 



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