OF THE SIVALIK HILLS. 



117 



We cannot do better however than follow Cuvier in his observations 

 on the same subject; who, in drawing his comparison with the separate bones 

 of the head, remarks — " In the true Camels the occipital crest is more 

 " elevated, and the temporal foss« more hollowed than in the Lamas ; this 

 " development being nearly as great in the Camel as in the Carnivora, 

 " the occipito-temporal suture is considerably in front of this crest ; the 

 *' nasal bones are narrower at their bases, and a much larger space inter- 

 " venes between the small membranous portion situated at the angle of the 

 " nasals, and the lacrymal bone, a very small portion of which is exposed, 

 " and which does not even extend to the internal sub-orbitary foramen in 

 " the orbit." These remarks are applicable to the Ruminants generally as 

 well as to the Lamas, although the passage from which we have made 

 the quotation is intended for the latter : we may add two other points in 

 which a marked difference exists between the skull of the Camel and the 

 horned Ruminants. 1st, in a greater depth of maxillary bone, and a con- 

 sequent elevation of the nasals. 2d, in the external nasal aperture being 

 provided with three pairs of bones, the nasals and intermaxillaries being 

 separated ; this intervening space is a general feature in the Camel, although 

 subject to great variations in extent. We have seen specimens with the 

 nasals and intermaxillaries separated by a space of two inches ; and others 

 again with only one quarter of an inch of the maxillary bone appearing 

 on the nasal aperture. In the horned Ruminantia this peculiarity is only 

 observable in the Yak and Auroch. 



We have considered the above observations applicable in pointing out 

 the differences that exist in the osteology of the Camel's head and that of 

 other Ruminants, previous to entering upon the teeth ; as with these two 

 points fully explained, the identification of our fossil is placed beyond all 

 doubt, and it will only remain then for us to shew the differences which it 

 exhibits. 



It has been before noted that the anomalous character of the teeth is 

 one of the points connecting the Camel with a higher family. The molars 



