INDIAN CYPRINID^. 



243 



be referred. In Cyprinus semiplotus (Fig. 1, Plate 54) the angular pro- 

 cess is merged into the transverse, the first being only distinguished by 

 the pterygoid process (c. Fig. 1, Plate 54), which we know from all the 

 other species examined to belong to the angular limb {cL Fig. 2, Plate 54) and 

 not to the transverse process on which it is in this species placed, while the 

 analogy to the type of the Gudgeons is preserved by an additional transverse 

 bone being placed parallel to, and in front of the first {e. e. Figs. 1 and 2, 

 Plate 54.) Of the positive value of these characters, I may mention that 

 Cyprinus mrigala, Buch. is indicated by Cuvier as a CirrJiinus, but proved 

 by this method of analysis to belong to the Gudgeons {Gohio prop. J. M.) 

 having as well as the peculiar affinity here pointed out, the lengthened 

 alimentary canal of that genus. Cyprinus prop. Cuvier, I suspect will be 

 found according to these principles to agree in its natural affinities either 

 with the Barbels or Cirrhins, as the length of the dorsal and the presence 

 or absence of a spinous ray are scarcely suflficient distinctions even for a 

 sub-genus ; and the Catastomi and Labeos of America will, I presume, be 

 found to arrange themselves naturally with the Cirrhins. 



The lower jaw of the Gonorhynchs is composed of two limbs placed 

 nearly parallel to each other, and as in the Cirrhins not united in front, 

 but with tliis peculiarity — that the os hyoides is prolonged to the chin, at which 

 situation the anterior extremities of the three bones are tied together witli 

 ligaments.* 



In the Opsarions, and generally throughout the SarcoborincB, the second 

 form of jaw prevails, with the addition of being more acute at tlie 

 symphysis ; this form also seems to prevail in the Cohitince, but in these the 



* Vide Jour. As. Soc. Bong. 1835. p. 40, where I described this structure in Gonorhynchm 

 petrophilus. 



