18S0.] R-. C. Temple— Eoiite of the Tal Ghotinli Field Force. 



93 



or Eain Isml. From GirOR by degrees the Afghans extended to the 

 KonrsTA'N-i-Ki'jBTjL, Kandaha'r and Ghaznt. 



Until the advent o£ Muhammad the Afghans followed the religion of 

 tlie Pentateuch or Taubet KnwA'w. But in the 9th year of the announce- 

 ment of Muhammad's mission they heard of him from one of the Bani 

 Israil by name KiiA'LiD-Bi]sr-(or ien)-Wali'd. A deputation was sent to 

 Medina under one Kais (also KiSH, Kesh or Kaish) a leading Afghan, 

 who became a zealous Muhammadan and received several special marks of 

 the ProjDhet's favour, among which the title of malik or king, originally 

 conferred by the Almighty on Saul, their great ancestor, was conferred 

 individually on the Afghans.* Arabic names also were given them ; thus 

 Kais was called Abdu-b-rashi'd (Servant of the Wise). And to him was 

 also given the title of FtuxA'N (Patha'n) meaning in Syriac a rudder, signi- 

 fying that he, Kais, was the pilot of his people. From this Kais are de- 

 scended all the Afghan Tribes properly so called, and all Afghans are 

 Pathans, the name by which the nation is most generally known in India. 

 But there are many tribes who are Bani Israil and Pukhtiin (Pukhtana) 

 who are not Afghans. 



The Pukhtun, erroneously known in India as the Pathan Tribes, then 

 are divided into those descended from Kais and those who are not. Those 

 who .are so descended are generally known as Afghans and the others as 

 merely Pathans, though tlie whole nation is also known as Patlians.f 



The following is a list of the principal tribes of the present day 

 generally aclvnovvledged to be Afghans : 



1. 



Duranis, 



8. 



Tiiris. 



15. 



Man gals. 



2. 



Tarins. 



9. 



Zaimukhts. 



16. 



Jadrans. 



3. 



Kakars. 



10. 



Orfikzais. 



17. 



Shinvvaris. 



4. 



Ghilzais. 



11. 



Dawaris. 



18. 



Momands. 



5. 



Povindas. 



12. 



Kliostwals. 



19. 



Yusufzais. 



6. 



Waziris, 



13. 



Afridis. 





(K6hi.stanis.) 



7. 



Shiranis. 



14. 



Tajis. 







Kais married a daughter of KHA'^iD-Biif-WALi'D by whom he had three 

 sons, Saraban, Batan and Gurghusht and from them descend some of 

 the principal tribes above mentioned, as may be seen by the accompanying 

 genealogy. 



• At the pre.sent day the head of a Pathan family or tribal subsection is called 

 malik. 



t There are several legends to account for the names of Afghan and Pathan, that 

 above given in the te.xt is the commonest. The following are, however, worth notic- 

 ing. 



The word Pukhtun (Pukhtana) is said variously to be of Thra'ni or Ibha'uimi 

 (Hebrew) and of Su'kia'ni (SjT-ian) origin, and to signify " delivered" or " set free." 



