12G Cx. Tliibaut — On tlie Sunjafrajnaijii. [No. 3, 



budvipa, lip to the end of which the light of the sua seems to reach, on the 

 longest day at least ; this gives altogether 78,333i yojanas (= 45,000 + 



In the statements regarding the measure of the two arcs 



limiting the sector, no reference is made to the salt ocean. We find these 

 measures for the longest day by dividing the circumference o£ Mount 

 Meru as well as that of the Jambudvipa by ten ; three of these ten parts of 

 the first kind give the interior arc of the truncated sector, three of the 

 second kind the exterior arc. On the shortest day we have to take two- 

 tenths instead of three, and there is no difficulty in finding the corresponding 

 increase or decrease on all days between the summer and winter solstice. 

 In the same manner the dimensions of the andhakara, the dark portion of 

 the Jambudvipa, are readily ascertained. Finally some statements are made 

 about the distances to which the light of the two suns reaches above, below 

 and towards both sides. It is said to reach to a thousand yojanas above 

 (above the chariot of the sun, svavimanad lirdhvam). Further it is said 

 to reach down to the depth of 1,800 yojanas, for which the following expla- 

 nation is given. The sun is at the height of 800 yojanas above the earth, 

 and below the surface of the earth at the depth of 1 000 yojanas are the 

 subterraneous regions (adholaukikagramah), down to which the sun's rays 

 are penetrating. No further details about these subterraneous dwellings 

 are given. Towards both sides, the east and the west, the light of the sun 

 is said to extend to the distance of 47,263 yojanas. 



For the sake of completeness, the various other opinions with regard 

 to the subjects treated in the last paragraphs are added. Some say that 

 the sun and moon illuminate one dvipa and one ocean ; while according to 

 others the numbers of dvipas and oceans illuminated are 3, 3|-, 7, 10, 12, 

 42, 72, 142, 172, 1042, 1072. No details are given. One chapter contains 

 the enumeration of a number of very fanciful opinions about the form of 

 the tapakshetra, which it would, however, be purposeless to extract in this 

 place. 



On the assumption that the sun describes every day a circle which is 

 at the distance of 2 yojanas from the circle described on the preceding 

 day, the question naturally suggested itself, how the sun passes over from 

 one circle into the next one. This question is treated in I, 6, and II, 2 

 where two different opinions are expounded which, although the account 

 given of them is not altogether clear, appear to be of the following 

 nature. According to some the sun enters from one circle into the other, 

 " bhedaghatena" which (bheda being explained to signify apantarala) seems 

 to mean that the sun passes from one circle into the next one by moving 

 over the distance separating the two all at once. Thus the sun would really 

 move in perfect circles and the motion across from one circle into the 



