1880.] R. C. Temple— Eoiite of tlie Tal Oliotiali Field Force. 



157 



the large fortified houses above described. They have a well-built, sub- 

 stantial and prosperous appearance not often seen in the East. Sometimes 

 a Malik or petty chiet" will build himself a fort apparently as much for 

 show as anything else. China Ko't in the Bo'kai valley (fig. 14) is such 

 a fort. The main interest in it is that it is quite new, not more than 20 

 years old, and so is a specimen of the modern method of Kakar fortifica- 

 tion. It is on a small isolated hillock rising out of the valley, and is 

 constructed as usual of mud on a rough stone foundation. The owner is 

 one Malik Sanbi, an A'lizai Sandae Khb'l. The approach is by a 

 causeway of very rough construction, and it is entered as usual by a single 

 door so situated as to be easily commanded. The whole structure covers 

 about an acre of ground". 



The nomadic habits of the Duranis and especially of the Achakzai 

 section of that tribe have been frequently noticed by former writers. 

 Among the Kakars, too, are found several nomad sections, such as the Stjli- 

 MAN and Amand Khe'ls of the Pishin and the bulk of the Panizais, 

 DuMAES, and Zakhpe ls; even the more fixed and agricultural sections of 

 the Kakars-, as the Sandar and Utman Khe'ls, and the Lu'nis have the 

 nomadic instinct strong in them and spend all the hotter weather roaming 

 with their flocks in the neighbouring hills. By far the greater part of the 

 AcHAKZAis have no fixed abode, but live in a curious kind of hut called 

 a KiziiDAi, which has been thought peculiar to the Duranis, but as far as 

 I could ascertain, it is common to all the nomad sections whether Dubani 

 or Kakae. The Kiziedai is a structure of bent willow rods or withies 

 covei'ed over with black felt-like blankets and sometimes with black mat- 

 ting {vide fig. 3). There are generally four or five of these willow supports 

 in a row over which the covering is stretched. I saw one in the course of 

 construction near Alizai in the Pishin and the method of putting up the 

 supports is that shown in fig. 15. The Kizhdais are very warm in winter 

 and can be made, by opening out the sides, cool and pleasant in summer, 

 and are also, from the closeness of the strands of the covering which swell 

 with moisture, impervious to rain. They have for a nomad race the advan- 

 tage of being as easily moved as an ordinary tent. In several Ki/.hdais of 

 a permanent kind near villages I saw a regularly railed in space in the 

 middle for goats and sheep. The usual dimensions are : height 1 feet, 

 length 12 feet, opening or doorway 3 feet by 3 feet. 



There are two other kinds of structure which are interesting in this 

 connection. In the Bo'eai valley the Saxdae Khe'ls build small circular 

 mud towers of peculiar make {oide fig. 12), raised on piles about 2 foot 

 from the ground, in which they store grain containing as I have elsewhere 

 shown* about enough for five personsfor one year. Buusa (chaff or chop- 



• J. K. G. S.. 18S0. 



u 



