160 E. C. Tem-p\e—Sotde of tie Tal Clotiali Field Force. [No. 4, 



manent drying up o£ Kaee'zes is the shifting of the subterraneous water 

 lodgment, and it is not uncommon to see parallel lines of Kaee'z weUs close 

 to each other, Kaee'z digging is a special occupation, the Gniiziis being 

 famous for it. 



The system of irrigation by tanks or open reservoirs so successfully 

 used in Maistt'e and many parts of the Madras Presidency is only sparing- 

 ly used in Afghanistan, and I only observed a few small irrigation tanks in 

 the Pishin and Kada3XI Yalleys, though from the universal presence of 

 uneven country in Afghanistan it would appear that the Maistt'e system 

 of hands and tanks should succeed as a means of irrigation if regularly in- 

 troduced. 



The method of irrigation by means of groins and reclamation of 

 river-beds to be observed in the high lands along the vaUey of the R. 

 Eo'd and in the Sho'e Yalley in the neighbom-hood of CnxsiJASf is very 

 remarkable. These groins are constructed at a great cost of labour with 

 rough stones and tree trunks and are frequently turfed over and planted 

 with willows and small bushes. In the Eo'd Gorge the main portion of 

 the cultivable land has been obtained in this way. 



There is one more point to be noticed in this connection. Elphinstone 

 states (Kingdom of Kabul) that it seems to be only in the very poorest 

 parts of the country that land is allowed to lie fallow for a year. This, 

 however, is apparently not the case in the Kakar Country generally, espe- 

 cially in the Bo'eai Yalley, where the large area under cultivation is only 

 to be accounted for by a large portion of it being allowed to lie fallow 

 every year. 



Madder, which, as MaeGregor observes, is common in the west of Afgha- 

 nistan and sold aU. over India by Pathans as Majit orMA:N'jfr,isto be found 

 in the Do'f Yalley in highly cultivated lands deeply furroughsd and 

 manured. The leaves are used for cattle and the roots for the dye. This 

 cultivation is elaborate, good and costly, and the yield in the Do'f YaUey 

 is said to be worth Es. 1000. The people there believe apparently that it is 

 not grown elsewhere ; it is, however, to be seen about Takht-i-Pu'l near 

 Kandahar. 



Graveyards deserve mention in this place. These are to be found 

 scattered over the land in places quite remote from population. In fact 

 the dead are frequently carried to long distances from their place of decease 

 in order to be buried at a particular spot. This system of carrying the 

 dead to certain places belonging to the family is prevalent among the 

 Panjab Muhammadans, the Tu'surzAis and other such Pathans as inhabit 

 British Territory. I saw the body of a Stjbahdae of the 26th Panjab 

 Xative Infantry who had died at Quetta being carried down the Bolaa 

 Pass to be buried in the Peshawar District, and on the Panjab Eadways 



