1880.] R. C. Temiih—Foute of the Tal Chotiali Field Force. 161 



there are special rates and arrangements for the carriage of corpses. 

 On the other hand among the Pathans travellers and often the dead 

 on a field of battle are buried where they die, and the Ghilzais are always 

 so buried. The reason given for conveying corpses to certain burial grounds 

 is, that a Pathan should be buried by the tomb of the Pie or Saint he 

 followed in life, at whatever distance it may be. Tliis accounts for grave- 

 yards on the summits of mountains, as on Mt. Khwa.ta Ameai!T in the 

 GwAJA Pass, and in the Teikh Kueah and Palkai Passes miles away 

 from habitations.* I was told that parties on the road to and from a 

 burial place were never molested. MacGregorf states with reference to 

 the GniLZAis that it is the custom of the country to throw a heap of 

 stones over a murdered traveller and that the road leading fi-om Shilghae 

 to Zu'emat the frequency of these heaps is sickening, in many cases being 

 found at the closed ends of ravines, showing that the poor travellei's have 

 run as far as possible and then been hewed down. The same remarks 

 would be perfectly true of the long and narrow To'pobaegh Valley near 

 Mt. ]\lAznwo in the highlands separating the country of the Zakhpe'ls 

 and Paxizais, a place particularly favourable for such murders, and the 

 large number of such heaps as above described, sometimes three or four 

 together, is horriljle to contemplate. This method of forming cairns is 

 common also in the Himalayan Districts, and I have seen Gtjekhas in 

 passing these Pathan cairns throw stones on them from sheer habit. 



The Lti'nis form little pillars of rough stones to mark the spots of 

 victories over the Beluchis, and several such pillars (fig, 16) are to be 

 found in the Han Pass and about the Debatable Lands. 



As might have been anticipated, of historical remains there are practi- 

 cally none. Indeed such could hardly be expected in a country which has 

 no history to speak of, beyond petty internal squabbling, and no means of 

 constructing buildings on any scale or of durable materials. In the Pishin 

 there is an old ruined fort of the Haetj'xs (TAEi'jfs) on a hill called Siee' 

 KiiiLA deserted about 60 years ago ; and near Samaizai, not far from 

 Knc'sHDiL Khan, a small artificial mound with some fortifications on it 

 like those at Quetta, with which it has probably a similar origin. It is 

 called Spin Khua (White Fort) but has apparently no local history. The 

 only distinctly historical traditions which the Kiikars appear to have relate 

 to N.VDiE Sn.vii's time, i. e., only a century back, and in the Bo'eai all 



* The Zakka Khe'ls, a wild troublesome tribe about the Khaibar, who have a 

 bad name, are said to have stolen a saint from the Yu'sufzais and murdered him 

 to obtain the Pi'ii round whoso grave they bury their dead. Tradition says that they 

 arc such scoundrels, that no man among them could be found whom even they could 

 reverence after death as a saint. 



t Quoted above in the section on Polity. 



