18S0.] R. C. TemiAe—Boufe of ilie Tul Ohotiqli Field Force. 165 



From the above examples it will be observed that the most unstable 

 consonants are J, z, zh, e, d, g, kh, p, b, s, ts, and v, with their counter- 

 parts SH, CH, ZH, K, GH, B, and w. 



Regarding consonantal interchanges peculiar to the Pushto language, 

 Raverty (Gram. Pushto, p. 3) has noticed that kh ( ^ ) is changed into sh 

 ( )) g ( "-^ ) ii^to zh (J ), ts and dz into ch and j. And of the Khai- 

 BARis he observes that they so transpose their letters as to be almost 

 unintelligible. In his Diet, of Pushto (xsii) he further notices the inter- 

 change of z into dz. 



Of vowel sounds I noticed as peculiar an o pronounced in several 

 words as the close German o, thus, Uzhdo, Ma'zhwo. And also the common 

 termination ai (written by Raverty aey) which is sounded with a closed 

 mouth and sharply as one syllable, though it partakes of the nature of two; 

 thus, ai. The frequent recurrence of this last gives the language an uncouth 

 sound, and, coupled with the prevalence of guttural consonants, an unpleasant 

 harshness to English ears. 



The vowel changes are not important, the following being the most 

 noticeable. 



Changes of A and A'. 



a into i. AngxVND = Ingand : Kazhdai = Kizhdai : Kala = 

 Kile' = Kire' : Tsamaulang = Chimalang : Alab = 

 A'lip. 



a into u. Mulazai = Malagai : Manzakai = Mundakai. 

 a and d into au. Tsamaulang = Chimalang = Chimalang. 

 Changes of AI. 



into i and o'i. Zai == Zo'i = Zi : Lakai = Laki : Bo'bai = 



Bo'ei : LuNAi = LuNi : Dabgai = DABUf. 

 into a. Mangal = Maingal. 

 Changes of U. 

 into 0. LdNAi = Lo'nai. 

 Changes of I. 

 into e. I'sAF = E'sap. 

 Changes of WA. 

 into au. Waria = Auria. 



into u and au. Ghwand = Gijnd : Wariagai = Ubiagai = 



AUEIAGAI. 



into d. SuEGHWAND = Subghan. 

 into 0. Baghawa = Baghao. 



Among local peculiarities a tendency to shorten and nasalize long 

 vowel syllables was frequently to be noticed, thus — 



Amandun for Amab^jn : Adinzai for Adizai : Banzai for ByCzai : Ajji 

 Khan for Ha'ji Khan : Hanumbae — Anubae : Angand and Ningand = 



X 



