1880.] R. C. Tem]Ae—Itoii,te of tie Tal GliotiaU Field Force. Ill 



In a former paper in tliis Journal* I remarked that a village may be 

 called by sis different names by guides, those thoroughly acquainted with 

 tlie locality would recognise it by any one o£ them, others less well acquainted 

 will only know it by some of them. Thus a village may be called (I) after 

 the district or tract of land in which it is situated. TAKHT-l-PtJL is such a 

 name, Mel Manda. is another ; villages 10 miles apart are called Takht-i- 

 piJl and Mel Manda simply because they are situated in the tracts so 

 called, (2) It may be called after the section of the tribe which inhabits 

 it, thus, Ba'eakzai ; (3) after the subdivision, thus, Khtjnse'zai or 

 Mohammadzai, (4) after its late owner if recently dead, (5) after its 

 present owner, thus, Ivala-i-nuk-ud-di'jst Kda'n merel}'- means NtJE-UD-Di'iT 

 Khan's village, and the owner's is usually the proper name of a village, (6) 

 after its own name. To give an example ; the village marked Ami'n" Kala 

 in my map of the Aiighisa'n valley was named to me as Ba'Bakzai, 

 Muhammadzai, Ami'n Khan and Lati'f Kha'n. Lati'p Kha'n is its 

 present owner : Aiii'N Khan was the late owner, Muhammadzai is the 

 subdivision and Ba'rakzai the section of the tribe inhabiting it. It will 

 be easil}'' seen that the more general terms are known at a distance and the 

 more specific ones only in, the immediate neighbourhood of a village. 

 Complicated as this system of nomenclature looks, it is natural enough in 

 a country where the individual occupies such an important place in men's 

 minds and nationality so little. It is not diiScult to deal with in practice, 

 after a slight knowledge of the country is acquired, but it accounts for the 

 great apparent discrepancy in names and distances met with on maps and 

 in routes. These remarks are true also of the Tari'n and Ka'kae country. 

 Thus in the PiSHiN, Gangalzai and Sha'Hda'd are names for the same 

 place, and so are Uettmzai and Satad Sa'lo and also BnrjA'N Kala and 

 Atjli'a Kala. Several villages are called Beahamzai, viz., Satad Do'st 

 Mohammad, Sayad Khama'ndai, Satad La'l. Three are called Lur 

 (Upper) Kha'nizai, viz., Mohammad Sa'dik, Vakt'l, and La'l Mohammx\.d 

 and two Bagabzai, viz., Satad Alab and Satad Paito ; two Ya'singzai, 

 viz., Satad She'rbat and Satad To'ti. The more specific are the malik's 

 (or owner's) names. In the case of the Beahamzai villages, that of Do'st 

 Mohammad may be called Beahamzai proper, and the same is to be 

 observed of the three Ka'kozai villages in the same neighbourhood, one is 

 called Ka'kozai and the other two also Madat and A'ta' Mohammad. 

 On entering the Do'e valley the two villages known in the Pishin by 

 several variations of the word Anga'ng or Ninga'nd are found to be 

 locally Lur and Kuz Angano, Upper and Lower Anga'ng. Names, however, 

 are more specific in the Do'f, and villages of the same name are distin- 

 guished by the tribal name in addition, thus Tlaeai (I'sa Kue'l) and 



* Hough notes on tlio Distribution of tlic Afghan Tribes about Kandabdr. A^ol. 

 XLVIII, pt. I, 1879. 



