§§ 128—130.] 



THE TEANSITITE VERBS. 



61 



§ 123. The stem of the Imperative is the root itself, to which the 

 personal terminations are added direct. 



§ 124. d. I have been in some doubt as to whether I ought to class 

 the Eetrospective Conditional as derived from the root, or from the present 

 participle. In the cognate modern languages the corresponding tense 

 is usually said to be derived from the latter, but I hesitate in following 

 suit in this case, the characteristic diphthong ^ ai, of the present participle 

 being absent from the tense, except in one form of the 3rd person non- 

 Honorific {^^c[ cleMait). As the stem of this tense is similar in form to 

 the second stem of the future (viz. %f%cr delchif) I have classed it as a tense 

 derived from the root. 



§ 125. Tenses formed from the Present Participle. 



a ^ h. Both Present and Imperfect are periphrastic ; and are formed 

 by subjoining the conjugated Present and Imperfect tenses of the auxiliary 

 verb directly to the Present Participle. 



§ 126. (3) Tenses formed from the Past Participle. 



a. The stem of the past tense is formed by adding the personal 

 terminations to the Past Participle direct. 



§ 127. i. There are two conjugational forms of the Perfect. 



The first is formed by subjoining the word ^r1% achh'' " he is " to the 

 conjugated Past tense. How any meaning is arrived at out of this queer 

 compound I do not pretend to say. 



§ 128. The second conjugational form of the Perfect is obtained by 

 subjoining the conjugated Present tense of the verb substantive to a slightly 

 modified form of the Past Participle. 



§ 129 c. The Pluperfect is formed by subjoining the Imperfect tense 

 of the verb substantive to the same modified form of the Past Participle 

 which we observed in the Perfect. 



§ 130, It will be convenient, as an aid to memory, to give the tenses in 

 the order given in § 108, and not in order of time. 



