104. 



COMPOUND TERBS. 



[§ 189 



B. Gompound verbs formed loith the Verbal Noun. 



§ 189. The following observations have been inserted here, although 

 they miglit, perhaps, be more logically placed in the Chapter on Simple 

 Verbs. 



There are three forms of the Verbal noiin. All these can be regularly 

 declined like nouns, but, unlike nouns, they have an oblique form, differing 

 from the nominative, to which the case terminations are attached. 



(1.) The first form is that already given in this grammar, ending in 

 ^ i ; as ^K^^ delcJial}, " seeing." Its oblique form ends in ^ bd, as € 

 dehlibd* sa " from seeing," %<si'^(* dekJibdk, " of seeing," &c. 



(2.) The Second form is made by substituting ^ I for ^ b in the first 

 form, as ^^i^ dekJial, oblique form dehTild. Its nominative or direct 



therefore generally, but not always (e. g. not in the case of jdeb " to 



go"^ is the same as that of the Past Participle. Sometimes, however, in 

 the case of irregular verbs, the form of the Past Participle is used by the 

 ignorant instead of the real form of the verbal noun. Thus, the proper 

 form of this variety of the verbal noun of the verb jdeb "to go" is 



WT'J^./aeZ, but the vulgar sometimes say ■jf^ gel, whicli is the form of the 

 Past Participle. In the case of verbs whose roots end in =?rr d, the obser- 

 vations in § 168 (note) apply ; so that we find forms like qmtri pdval, 

 and pauld me, beside forms like XTTI^ j?aeZ and paild. 



(3.) The third form of the verbal noun does not occur in the direct 

 form at all. It is only found in the oblique form, which is made by adding 

 ^ a £>?• ^ ai to the root. Thus Acc. Sing. delclia (not deleh) Ice, or 



dehhai he: and so on. The final ^ ai is pronounced short thus delchai 

 and does not affect a previous long vowel ; cf. § 148. and § 167 (note). Thus 

 we have the verbal noun patlidvai, while the Present Participle in the 

 Present tense is tr^t (^) pathavai {cTihl) of ^:sv^ patTideb, "to send". When 

 the root of the verb ends in ^ d, this form of the verbal nouns ends either 

 in dvai as above, or in e, as STTO jde, ttti pde. In irregular verbs, 

 as in the second variety, the vulgar use forms connected with the past 

 participle, instead of the regular ones, as muai, instead of JTT marai 

 from marab, " to die." 



See addenda. 



