1880.] 



ALPHABET. 



5 



Persian. 



Roman. 



Value. 





chh 



Aspirated cli. 



t 



kh 



' An aspirate guttural as in Persian, pronounced 

 without harshness as in Pashto. 





d 



Dental cl as in Persian. 



Si 





Aspirated d. 



5 



d 



Cerebral d as in Hindustani. 





dh 



Aspirated d. 



<i 



dh 



As in Arabic, or English th in Irotler, hreathe. 



J 



r 



A clearly trilled r, as in Persian. 



3 



r 



Cerebral r as in Hindustani, and like it nearly- 

 connected in sound with 5 d. 



} 



z 



As English z. 



J 



zh 



As in Persian, or s in English measure. 





s 



As in Persian. English s. 





sh 



As in Persian, the palatal sibilant. English sh. 



e 



gh 



As in Persian. A slightly pronounced guttural, 

 not so harsh as in Arabic or Pashto. 





f 



A pure labial /, not partly dental as English /. 





k 



As English h without any palatalization as in 



f 



o 





Persian. 



g 



G hard as in English and Persian without 

 palatalization. 



r 



m 



As English in. 





n 



As English n. Also as a slightly pronounced 

 guttural nasal, as in the final n of Persian or 

 Hindustani plurals. 





W, V 



Either as English w or as a purely labial «, not 

 as English v. 





h 



As EngHsh h. Occasionally mute as a final. 

 When so mute it is not represented in 

 transliterations. 





J ■ 



As English Sometimes pronouncd with a 

 slight tendency to become zh. 



