14 



THE NOUN. 



[Extra No. 



OhJi. This termination forms the noun o£ agency from the Verbal 

 base, and may be used with ahiaost any verb; e.g., thursoM " a coward," 

 from th.VLYsa.gh "to fear waroM "an eater," from wara^A. These nouns 

 of agency can be used and inflected as adjectives ; e. g., 

 miroM, a fighter 

 miroMen bing, fighting dog. 

 Olcli is ocasionally found in other nouns besides those of agency as in 

 ganno/c/^ ' fool. ' 



(b) Abstract J^ouns. 



i. This is the commonest termination for abstract nouns, which may 

 . be formed from other nouns, or adjectives ; e. g., duzi " theft," sakmardi 

 " valour," gliami " grief." 



Kdh. Used in forming abstracts from adjectives of dimension ; as, 

 gwandaf?/?, shortness 

 drazha(?/«, length 

 phrahaf?/i, breadth, 

 uta ; as azmixta ' examination' from azmainai^/i. 

 ar; as didar 'sight,' raftar 'paces.' 



(c) Collective JVouns. 

 Agh. See above under verbal nouns. 



gal. This is most usually employed to form collectives ; e. g., 

 jangal, a band of women iromjan. 

 zahgal, a flock of kids from zah. 

 pahar, as gwar-pahar, a flock of lambs. 



(d) Diminutives. 

 Ak, akh, ikh. This termination is frequently employed to form 

 diminutives, sometimes modifying the base ; e. g., 

 janikh or jinkh girl, from jan woman 



gwarakh lamb, from the base gwar — of. gurand ram, and gwar- 

 papar flock of lambs. 



kisanakh very small, from kisain. 



This termination is occasionally used when all diminutive signification 

 has been lost, as wasarikh, "father-in-law," (Persian Musar). 



Eo, occasionally used, as in kisanro, a diminutive of kisain ' small.' 

 Possibly the termination lo in dithlo, shat7ilo had originally the force of a 

 diminutive. Compare also the adverbs khamro " a very little," from khan, 

 and chiklo " a little." 



4. Compound nouns and adjectives. 



Compounds are numerous, and may be classed under the Sanskrit 



