1880.] 



THE WOITN. 



15 



divisions oE Dwandwa, Tatpurusha, Karmadharaya and Bahuvrlhi, or 

 Copulative, Qualifying, Descriptive and Possessive. 



a. Copulative. This class consists of nouns inseparably coupled to- 

 gether, only the latter being subject to inflection ; e. g., 

 phol-phurs, enquiry 

 thau7i;/!-tawar, conversation 

 chukh-chori, children. 

 5. Qualifying or dependent. In this class the latter member of the 

 compound is qualified by the former. The latter member may be either a 

 noun or a verbal root, the verbal noun in olch being occasionally but not 

 often used ; e. g., 



(1). When both members are nouns. 



jogin-dar, a pestal (lit. mortar-stick), 

 mazar-dumb, a plant (lit. tiger-tail), 

 rosh-asan, sunrise, 

 chaga-halwar, a matter of jest, 

 chham-phusht, eyelid. 

 mah-yZrama, eclipse of the moon. 

 (2.) When the first member is a noun and the latter a verbal root, 

 shirwar, milk-drinking 

 rozh-gir, eclipse of the sun (sun-seizing). 

 goJAan-din, udder-tearing (name of a plant), 

 shav-khash, night-expeller (the planet Venus). 

 mar-khushoM, man- slayer, 

 sangband, connected by marriage. 



c. Descrij^tive. In this class tlie first member is an adjectives, numeral 

 or other word simply describing or defining the second ; e. g., 



syah-af, perennial stream, (lit. blackwrater). 



drazhdar, abeam (longwood). 



■mkdligov, feinale wild ass. 



ergwaiJj^, the leeside (lit. downwind). 



chyar-gist, fourscore. 



d. Possessive. These are formed in a similar manner to the last 

 class, with the force of adjectives or descriptive epithets, the possession of 

 the qualities described being implied ; e. g., 



hor-dast, empty-handed. 

 phash-pha«^/«, barefoot. 

 swe^7*-rish, greybeard 



syah-gwar, black-breast (e. g. the black partridge), 

 phorf/jan-demi, the name of a flower (lit. thither-faced), 

 dir-zanai///, far-knowing. 

 dast-bastha_5'/*, hands joined. 



