1880.] 



History of tlie Fossil Vcflelrata of India. 



25 



England : the second species, named by myself S. palceindicus* is known 

 only by an upper jaw, not yet figured ; the upper molars of this species 

 have triangularly shaped crowns, somewliat like those of Ampliicijon. Of 

 the subursoid Carnivora, we have the living Indian and African genus 

 Mellivora, represented by M. sivalensis,-f apparently very closely allied 

 to the living Indian species. A species of badger (Meles) is indicated 

 by one lower jaw collected by Mr. Theobald, [j] Of the otters, one species 

 of Lutra {L. palcBindica) has been named by Falconer and Cautley from a 

 skull and lower jaw§ ; another lower jaw in the Indian Museum, collected 

 by Mr. Theobald, not improbably belongs to a second Siwalik species. 

 Fnlii/driodon\\ is a genus peculiar to the Siwaliks, and is allied to the living 

 sea-otter (Enhydris) now inhabiting the shores of the North Pacific ; the 

 Siwalik genus was not improbably a river-dwelling form. 



Of the Proboscidia, now represented only by the Indian and African 

 elephants, there were a large number of Siwalik species, belonging to the 

 genera Elephas, Mastodon, and Dinotherium. Of the first-named genus, 

 there were three sub-genera living in Siwalik times, viz., Etieleplbas, Loxodon, 

 and Stcgodon. Euclcpluis was represented by E. hysudricus, provided with 

 simpler molars than the living representative of the sub-genus ; Loxodon was 

 represented by L. planifrons, remarkable for being the only species of 

 elephant in which premolars are known to have been developed. The sub- 

 genus Stcgodon is peculiar to South-Eastern Asia, and was represented by four 

 species in the Sub-Himalaj'an and other Indian Siwaliks : these species 

 are named S. ganesa, S. insignis, S. hombifrons, and S. cliftii. The molars 

 of the two first are more complex than those of either of the other two, 

 and are indistinguishable from each other ; the skull of the first species is 

 distinguished by its enoi-mously developed tusks. The intermediate molars of 

 8. cliftii have not more than six ridges each. From (probably) Pliocene 

 deposits in China, two stegodons have been described by Professor Owen 

 under the names of S. sinensis and S. orientalis, which appear to be 

 respectively the same as S. cliftii and S. insignis.^ Of the mastodons, 

 five species, 31. sivalcnsis, M. latidens, If. perimensis, M. 2'>andionis, and 

 M. falconer i, have been described from the Mio- Pliocene of India : the 

 three first-named species belong to the tetralophodont, and the two last to 

 the trilophodont, sub-division of the genus : the two first-named species 

 have a tendency to a pentiilophodont molar formula. Of the European 



* R. G. S. I. Vol. XI, p. 103. 



t Ibid. p. 102 : named in ' F. A. S.' Ursitaxus, 



X R. G. S. I. Vol. XI, p. 102. 



{ F. A. S. supl. pi. PI. 



11 Ibid. 



f Pal. Ind. Sor. X. Vol. I. pt. 5 (in tlio press.) 

 4 



