28 E. L}cleklser— ^ ^'/t'fitJi o/^7;e [No. 1, 



Among the true ruminants, we have the deer family represented by 

 several species of Gervtis, namely, O. triplidens, G. simplicidens, and O. 

 latidens ; the genus of the last being somewhat doubtful. A fourth 

 undeseribed sjDecies has been named C. sivalensis.'^' The genus Dorca- 

 tlierium is represented by the two species, J), inajus and D. mimis.f 

 At least one of the Siwalik deer had branching antlers with a flattened beam, 

 somewhat like those of the living G. duvaucellii. Gervus triplidens had a 

 large accessary column in the molars, while G. simplicidens was a species as 

 large as the Kashmir stag, with a much smaller accessory molar column. A 

 single molar in the Indian Museum seems to indicate a Siwalik representative 

 of the genus Palceomeryx. The giraffes were represented in India by pro- 

 bably two species, one of which has been named Gamelopardalis sivalen- 

 sis-X Of the family Sivatheriidae, which, with the excej^tion of Helladotlie- 

 rinm^ from the Pikermi beds of Attica, is peculiar to India, we have four 

 genera in the Mio- Pliocene. IlydaspHlteriur.i is represented by probably 

 three species, U. megaceplialmn known by the skull, which carried a 

 massive conjoint horn-base above the occiput ; and H. leptognatlms and 

 H. grande, by lower jaws and teeth. BrainatUerium perimense is known 

 by the skull, teeth, and jaws ; this species seems to have carried a pair 

 of horns over the occiput and a large conjoint horn-base on the fron- 

 tals, Vishnutlierium iravadieum is at present only known definitely 

 by a fragment of a lower jaw from Burma of much smaller size than any 

 of the other genera : it is not impossible, however, that some nondescript 

 ujoper molars, in the Indian Museum, from the Punjab, may belong to this 

 genus. Sivatheritim gigantemn was the first known of this group of ani- 

 mals, and was originally described in the Society's Journal || as a fossil elk : 

 several skulls of this species are known ; the male carried two pairs of horns, 

 placed like those of the living Indian four-horned antelope {Tetraceros), 

 while the female was hornless. An elaborate memoir on this interesting 

 animal has been published by Dr. Murie.^ The molar teeth seem to be 

 nearest to those of the giraffes, and also approach those of Gervus 

 onegaceros and Aloes : Dr. Murie comes to the conclusion that the horns of 

 SivatJierium were intermediate in structure between the antlers of deer 

 and the horns of the true cavicorn ruminants, and that they jn-obably 



* Pal. Ind. Ser. X, Vol. I, Preface (in the press), 

 t IHd. 



J Remains of this species wore described under the names of G. sivalensis and C. 

 ■affinia by Falconer. See R. G. S. I. Vol. XI, p. 83. 



§ Pal. Ind. Ser. X, Vol. I, R. G. S. I. Vol. XI, p. 90. M. Gaudry in his wort, 

 ' Les Enchainements du Monde Animal,' mentions that HcUadotherium occurs in 

 India : I am unacquainted on what grounds. 



11 Vol. IV, p. 506. 



•[[ Geol. Mag. Vol, VIII, p. 438. 



