ISSO.] 



Mistory of tlie Fossil Vcrtelirata of Tnclia. 



29 



carried a deciduous slieatli like those of tlie living American prong-buck 

 (Antilocapra). Of the antelopes, several species have been described, the 

 largest of which (A. palmndica,)* is supposed to have presented affinities 

 to some African forms ; A. sivahnsisf is allied to the Indian blackbuck 

 {A. cervicaj)m) ; vthUe A. pafulicorjiis and A. aeiiticornis do not appear 

 to come close to any living forms. Other molar teeth belonsr to a 

 species of Portax, now only represented by the living nilghai of India. 

 Others again are like those of PalcBori/x, a genus of antelopoid ani- 

 mals described from the Pikermi beds of Attica; this determination, 

 owing to the absence of skulls and the great difficulty of precisely deter- 

 mining isolated ruminant teeth, is only provisional. The oxen are repre- 

 sented by five genera, among which Hem ihos is represented by three species, 

 S. occipitalis, S. acuticornis, and S. antilopiiius :% this genus is peciiliar to 

 the Siwaliks, and connects the oxen and antelopes. Leptoios falconeri is 

 another species of antelopoid oxen, known by some crania. The genus 

 Buhalus is represented by Bitbalus platijceros, a species with horns concave 

 superiorly; and, in the highest Siwalik, by B. palceindicus, which is extreme- 

 ly close to the living wild buffalo of Assam. Of the genus Bison, there 

 is only one species in the Siwaliks, which has been named B. sivalensis, and 

 which seems to have been related to the extinct European B. priscus. Of 

 the true oxen (Bos) there are three Siwalik species, namely. Bos acutifrons 

 remarkable for its enormous horns and angulated forehead ; B. planifrons 

 with shorter horns and a flattened forehead, and allied to the gigantic Bos 

 primigenius of Europe ; and Bos platyrliinus only known by the lower half 

 of a skull, and of which the generic affinities are doubtful. There seem to have 

 been four species of goats in the Indian Tertiaries, most of which are probably 

 of Pliocene age, viz., an unnamed species with horn-cores very like those 

 of the Himalayan Capra falconeri (markhor), and two named species, 

 C sivalensis and C. perimensis, both of which are only known by front- 

 lets and horn-cores: the fourth species has been described by Professor 

 Eiitimeyer under the name of Bucapra daviesii. No remains of the 

 genus Ovis have hitherto been described fi'om the Sub-Himalayan or 

 other Indian Siwaliks, but a cranium obtained from the presumablv 

 Siwalik strata of Tibet has been referred by the late Mr. Blyth to this 

 genus. The genus Camelus is known by G. sivalensis, which presents a pe- 



* Pal. ilem. Tol. I, pi. 23. 



t Pal. Ind. Ser. X, Yol. I. Two species (A. xncta and A. gijricornis.J were named 

 in MSS. Ly Falconer. 



X These three species have been also descrihed under the generic names of Probu- 

 balus, Aniphibos, and Peribos ; the synonomy will be found in the first volume of the tenth 

 series of the 'Palfeontologia Indica,' where all the other Indian fossil ruminants are 

 noticed. Part of this volume is still in the press. 



