JUSTICE IN NEPAL. 



101 



criminal causes, carrying into effect the sentences of the courts, whether 

 whipping or other. The 3IdMnaikiaIis are always in attendance ; the 

 Mdhdniahs attend by turns. They do not perform watch and ward ; that 

 duty belongs to the military : but in case of disturbance actually 

 commenced or hue and cry of theft, or other crime committed or attempt- 

 ed, being raised, they apprehend the offenders. There is a Tol-mdl to 

 or superintendent of each T6I, or ward of the city. If the presence of any 

 person is needed in court, it is the Tol-mdVs business to identify the said 

 person, and point out his residence to the Mdhdniahs, whose duty it is to 

 secure him. 



The Choki-mdhdniahs are the guards of the jail. 



The Kotivdls, under their Naikiah, perform various kinds of menial 

 service for the Ditha and Bichdris during their sitting in court. They 

 attend by turns four at once. The Tehvilddr has charge of all monies 

 paid into the court on whatever ground. The Bahiddr keeps the accounts 

 of all such monies. The Kharddr writes the Kaihidmahs and Rdz'mdmahs 

 in each cause. 



The judges and others attached to the courts receive salaries from the 

 Government and take fees also. 



The above courts sit for all the twelve months of the year, with the 

 exception of a week or fortnight at the great autumnal and vernal festivals, 

 Dasahara and Diivdli, when only they are closed. 



They are always fixed, nor do any of the judicial authorities of Kath- 

 mandu make circuits : but the Ditha has the power of sending to any part 

 of the kingdom special judges (Bichdri,) to investigate official malversation 

 and other particular cases when such occur. 



" The Ditha, or supreme judge, personally presides over the Kot 

 Singh and Inta Chapli, constantly and habitually, these two being in fact 

 his own courts for the despatch (as we should say, though the term, as 

 we shall soon see, would not actually pourtray the process,) of civil 

 and criminal business respectively, and as well originally, without limit, 



2 B 



