ANALYSIS OF THE MDO. 441 



subject — who are the fit vessels for understanding the doctrine of high prin- 

 ciples of Sha'kya ? Afterwards Sha'kya himself, in a discursive manner with 

 Subhu'ti and Manju Sri, gives several instructions in the moral and meta- 

 physical part of his doctrine. There are likewise several discussions by 

 Manju Sri and others, on the state of being bound or tied by, and on that of 

 being liberated or emancipated from, the fetters of passions and ignorance. 

 The most certain means of emancipation, or of arriving at perfection, are these 

 two things — earnest application, and purity of life. (Tib. ^^^^ 'Brtso?i-hgrus- 

 dang-bag-yod-pa.) 



The sixth su'tra, entitled " Ratna KotnW (from leaf 460 — 474) contains . 

 a short speculative discourse held by Sha'kya (on the Gridhra kuta par- 

 vata, near Rdjagriha) with Manju Sri KumaIra-bhu'ta, (Tib. (^4)^ a Bodhis- 

 atwa of the first rank, and with Sharihi-bu, the most sagacious among his 

 « disciples, " on the first root, or primary cause of all things ( Dharma dhdtu ). 

 Translated by Prajna-varma, Indian Pandit, and Bande" Ye'^-she's-^-de', 

 Tibetan interpreter. 



(Nya) or the eighth volume. 



There are in this volume seven separate works, under the following titles 

 in Sanscrit and Tibetan — 1. Sanscrit, MaJid parinirvdna. Tib. ^^^^ Yongs- 

 su-myd-nan-las-\\das-pa-ch'hen-po. Eng. The entire deliverance from pain — 

 From leafl — 231 of the volume. Contents — Shakya's death, under a pair of 

 ^Sf// trees, near the city KusJia {Kdnia-rupa in Assam) on the full moon of the 

 third month, in the spring season. Miracles that happened on that occasion — 

 great lamentation of all creatures on the approaching death of Sha'kya — they 

 haste all to present him their last offerings, and to hear his last instructions — 

 Hod-srung and others ask him about many things. The substance of his 



c 3 



