IN BUNDELKHAND. 109 



swept them away and all their contents into the glen of that river. Their 

 matrix is always red ironstone gravel in ferruginous sand or ferruginous 

 clay. Their geological position with regard to the descending series, ap- 

 pears to be remarkably well defined, for they are actually to be found on 

 the verge of two *cascades, having 400 feet of sandstone beneath them ; 

 when this matrix fills the fissures and interstices of the upper sandstone, 

 angular fragments of the rock are mixed with it, the corroding influence 

 of the oxide of iron appearing to have detached them as well as to have 

 desintegrated and oxidated a portion of the rock so that the gravel and 

 fragments are imbedded in sand so highly ferruginous that it resembles 

 the rust of iron; but when on the other hand it is imbedded in ferruginous 

 clay, it contains no fragments of sandstone, and is constantly found over- 

 lying slaty marl or sandstone, or detla, as in the instances above mentioned; 

 with regard to the ascending series its geological position seems also to be 

 well defined, for if the two strata of red ironstone gravel and kankar oc- 

 cur together, as they do at Sakeriya, it always underlies the -I calcareous 

 bed, and their line of separation is distinct so that when they happen to 

 mingle as at Bang! a, the matrix acquires a new name, and is then called 

 hadda. 



These mines rarely exceed five or six feet in depth, and are often 

 much less; with regard to their produce I am inclined to think that they 

 are very precarious, notwithstanding some of the largest diamonds have 

 been found in them; it is common to hear complaints of having found 



nothing 



* On the verge of the cascade of the Ranj river near Rdnipur, and on that which is near to 

 the village of Bahhtapur. 



f The fact of the production of latciitc in the bed of the Rayy river, and tlic circumstance of 

 ironstone gravel underlying, and consequently, preceding common kankar, are useful facts in Geology. 



