vi 



Appendix. 



The Instruments required by the geological traveller will vary, according to the acquirements 

 and specific objects of the individual. The most essential are : — 



The Hammer ; which, for general purposes, may be of the form here represented : — . 



The head should be of steel well tempered, about 4 inches from the face to the edge, and 1| inch 

 square in the middle ; the face flat, and square, or nearly so ; the edge placed in the direction of the 

 handle. The orifice for the insertion of the handle oval, a very little wider on the outer si,de than 

 within; its diameters, about 1 inch vertically, and -J^ across; the centre somewhat more than 1| 

 inch from the face. The handle should be of ash, or other tough wood ; not less than 16 inches 

 long; fitting tight into the head at its insertion, without a shoulder; and increasing a little in size 

 towards the end remote from the head, to prevent its slipping — It should be fixed in the head by 

 means of a thin, barbed iron wedge. 



For trimming specimens, smaller hammers may be employed: — The form of the head, recom- 

 mended for this purpose by Dr. MacCulloch*, is rectangular. The dimensions of the face may be 

 1 inch by | ; the height 2|. 



It will be expedient to have always some hammers, (or at least the heads,) of different sizes, 

 in reserve. 



A small miners pick is useful for cutting out, and splitting portions of slaty rocks ; or for ob- 

 taining specimens of clays, &c. 



A small stone-cutter s chisel. — A chisel with a handle, of the form here represented, will oftea 

 save the hand of an inexpert collector, and better enable him to direct his blow. 



* " On the forms of Mineralogical Hammers." Quarterly Journal, (R. Inst.) vol. xi. 1821, p. 1, &c. 



