I.] THE AMERICAN GARDENER. 23 



in the ground, produces a plant, or tree, in the same 

 manner that a cherry-stone does. The red berries 

 are called haws ; whence this thorn is sometimes 

 called the liaw-thorn ; as in Goldsmith's Deserted 

 Village : " The haw-thorn bush, with seats beneath 

 the shade.'* The leaf is precisely like the Goose- 

 berry leaf, only a little smaller ; the branches are 

 every where armed with sharp thorns ; and the 

 wood is very flexible and very tough. 



40. The haws are sown in drills, like peas, and 

 they are taken, from that situation and planted very 

 thick in rows, in a nursery, where they stand a 

 year or two, if not wanted the first year. Then 

 they are ready to be planted to become a hedge. 

 In England there are two ways of planting a hedge, 

 as to position of ground. One on a hank, with a 

 ditch on the side : the other on the level ground. 

 The latter is that, of which I have now i6 speak. 



41. The ground for the Garden being prepared, 

 in the manner before described under the head of 

 SoiU you take up your quick-set plants, prune their 

 roots to within four inches of the part that was at 

 the top of the ground ; or, in other words, leave the 

 root but four inches long, taking care to cut away 

 all the fibres, for they always die ; and they do 

 harm if they be left. Make the ground very fine 

 and nice all round the edges of the piece intended 

 for the garden. Work it well with a spade and 

 make it very fine, which will demand but very little 

 labour. Then place a line along very truly ; for, 

 mind,- you are planting for generations to come ! 

 Take the spade, put the edge of it against the line ; 

 drive it down eight or ten inches deep; pull the 

 eye of the spade towards you, and thus you rnake, 

 all along a little open cut to receive the roots of 

 the plants, which you will then put into the cut, 



