96 



PRACTICE OF GARDENING. 



tendency to produce young and useless shoots, and of 

 course anything which promotes or increases that ten- 

 dency, proves injurious to the tree, and prevents it from 

 bearing so well as it otherwise would. In cutting out 

 the superfluous shoots, they should invariably be taken 

 off as closely as possible to the old ones, or may even be 

 slipped out, if this operation is performed carefully ; for 

 the numerous buds which are placed at the bottom of 

 each shoot will only produce more young shoots if left. 



Gooseberries are apt to be seriously injured by the 

 caterpillars of a saw-fly, which lays its eggs in rows along 

 the under ribs of the leaves, and the caterpillars, after 

 devouring the leaves, go into the ground, where they live 

 in the pupa state till the following season. The most 

 effectual remedy, is carefully looking over the bushes 

 once a week, to watch the hatching of the eggs, when the 

 few leaves infected may be picked off. Liquid manure 

 from the stable or the privy, poured about the roots, is 

 said to kill the pupse in winter, and at all events will do 

 some good as manure if it do not kill them. 



Method of Spiral anS Funnel Training. 



The trees may be trained in the form of a fan or of an 

 espalier hedge, if desired, or in single stems, with spurs 



