ENEMIES OF TOMATOES. 65 



Salsify. — After growing Salsify without trouble for several years, 

 I was harassed by a fungoid disease in 1901. It formed small 

 whitish pustules on the leaves, which were almost covered. AVishing 

 to observe its progress and results, I made no attack on it. The 

 plants appeared to grow out of the disease late in the summer, but 

 the roots never developed to their proper proportions. At the first 

 trace of it in future, I shall try the Bordeaux Mixture. 



Tomatoes.— The Tomato as an outdoor crop is, like its relative 

 the Potato, a creature of the weather. Given a dry, warm season, 

 the plant sets and swells abundance of fruit, if the cultural treatment 

 is correct. In wet, chilly years it often falls a prey to Phytophthora. 

 It is a great thing to get the plants along early and strong. If the 

 blight show itself, spray with Bordeaux Mixture. 



Cladosporium de7itriticu7n.— This disease manifests itself by 

 yellow spots on the leaves, usually accompanied by brown patches on 

 the under side. It is more common on indoor than on outdoor plants, 

 and is very liable to occur when the atmosphere under glass is 

 muggy. Free ventilation in damp weather, with a little warmth in 

 the pipes if chilly, and spraying with Bordeaux Mixture at the first 

 sign of an attack, represent the best preventive measures. 



Sleepy disease. — Apparently healthy Tomato plants sometimes 

 wilt suddenly, erstwhile fresh, substantial leaves hanging limp and 

 lifeless. Rich animal manures should be avoided, ancl burnt refuse 

 added to the soil. Care should be exercised in watering. The soil 

 should be kept just moist, neither sodden nor dust dry. It^ is 

 important to get seed from a healthy source. A^eltha may be applied 

 if an attack threatens to develop. 



White fly. — A small, rapidly flitting white fly' nam eel Aleyrodes 

 vaporariorum sometimes infests Tomatoes under glass. It is a trouble- 

 some pest if allowed to spread, and it is well worth while to hunt 

 down and kill the first insects seen. Should it threaten to become 

 master of the situation sulphur-wash the hot-water pipes and turn on 

 the heat. 



Turnips. — The remarks under the heading of Borecole, Broccoli, 

 and Brussels Sprouts save me the necessity of referring to club-root 



EEFEEEXCES TO TURXIP GALL FIGURE, PAGE 67. 



A, Turnip, natural size : a, top, quite clean and healthy; b, the hulb," 



white, clear in the skin, and sound in the flesh ; c, the tap or main 

 root, with healthy rootlets; d, abnormal growths called "galls"; 

 e, a depressed hlotch, discolomred at the centre and round the 

 margin, caused by the decay of the flesh of the Turnip. 



B, the top of an excrescence cut off and inverted, natural size : /, the 



skin, or cuticular and epidermal cells; (/, the flesh; /?, a cavity or 

 hollow ; i, a grub — the excrescence or gall maker. 



C, an excrescence or gall from which the top was cut off, enlarged 3 



diameters : j\ the skin ; k, the flesh ; the cavity ; a grub. 



D, the Turnip gall weevil: natural size ; o, enlarged 5 diameters. 



E, the Turnip gall weevil grub, enlarged 5 times. 

 E 



