646] THE FOSSIL PROBOSCIDEANS 



451 



from the genus PalcBomastodon of the Fayum, and the 

 long-jawed mastodons, which appear to be directly de- 

 scended from Phiomia of the Favum. This interesting 

 discovery, which was partly anticipated in Doctor An- 

 drews's o^\^l papers, enables us to trace the American 

 mastodon far back into Upper Eocene times of northern 

 Egypt. 



In this connection may be mentioned also a series of 

 five papers^ by the present reviewer on the ''Evolution, 

 Phylogeny, and Classification of the Proboscidea" which 

 have appeared successively since 1918. The writer is 

 attempting to give an iconographic revision of the en- 

 tire group of proboscideans, including the progenitors 

 of Africa and Eurasia and the highly developed descend- 

 ants of North and South America, which together make 

 up the most remarkable family history of which we have 

 record. 



In 1900 Osborn predicted that the source of the mam- 

 malian order of the Proboscidea would probably be dis- 

 covered in Africa. In 1901 Beadnell and Andrews re- 

 vealed, through the Geological Survey of Egypt, the rich 

 fauna of the Fayum, southwest of Cairo, in which wore 

 found the remains of three proboscidean genera, named 

 by Andrews Mo'ritJwrhim, PahroniasfofJo,), Phmwia, and 

 confirmed by subsequent exploration and research to be 

 the oldest proboscideans thus far known. Animals simi- 

 lar to Maontlwrium and Phiomia have >ince been re- 

 ported by Pilgrim in southern Asia. These animals are 



Amer., XXIX, March. 1918; the s^ecoii.l pnpor, "Evolution, Phylofrenv, and 

 Classification of the Proboscidea." Amrr. Mu^. Xnvitafrs No. 1. January 

 •SI, 1921 (Osborn, 1921. oJS); the thn.l i '-riiM Xpp, , • ..r' tlu- 

 True Mastodon in America/' Amer. Mus. \ontahs No. hK .himi 1.1, 1921; 



America, under the tiUe "Evohition, Phvln^.nv. nnd c\ ^-r,..-.. i, -f the 



April 26, 1921. The present is the Mxrh r Ttn I, ..nr.jr q i, . T^yo 

 Revision wiU form one of the Memoirs of the AiutTican Museum of Natural 

 History. 



