No. 494] NOTES AND LITERATURE 



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number of guinea-pigs which transmitted immunity for over 

 a year." One animal gave birth to a litter of immune young 

 thirty months after receiving the immunizing injection. The 

 immunity is not so well marked in the offspring, and Smith 

 agrees with the general conclusion that the grandchildren of 

 immunized females are never affected. 



Ehrlich found that in mice lactation plays an important part 

 in the transmission of immunity to offspring, and that normal 

 offspring may gain a considerable degree of immunity by being 

 nursed by immune mothers. This conclusion requires confirma- 

 tion, for Vaillard and Remlinger agree that, in guinea-pigs and 

 rabbits, nursing from an immune mother does not confer im- 

 munity. 2 Eosenau and Anderson 3 were able to exclude the 

 milk as a factor in transmitting hypersusceptibility to serum 

 injections by a series of " exchange experiments." In these ex- 

 periments the offspring of a susceptible mother are given, im- 

 mediately after birth, to a non-susceptible guinea-pig to nurse, 

 and the young of the non-susceptible guinea-pig are placed with 

 the susceptible mother. "From these exchange experiments we 

 learn that the hypersusceptibility is not transmitted to the young 

 in the milk." 



Gay and Southard 4 believe that the well-known susceptibility 

 of guinea-pigs to a second dose of horse serum is due to an 

 unisolated substance which they name anaphylactin. This is 

 probably transmitted from the blood of the mother to that of 

 her young through the placental circulation. It is contained 

 in the serum of a guinea-pig two hundred and four days after 

 the animal has been made susceptible by the first injection, and 

 if from 1.5 to 2.5 c.c. of serum from such an animal are trans- 

 ferred to a normal guinea-pig, the latter becomes susceptible. 

 However, a transfer of serum from the second guinea-pig to a 

 third does not produce susceptibility and this result corresponds 

 with the observation that artificial immunity is inherited only 

 by the first generation. 



It is possible that hemophilia is due to an abnormal rhemieal 

 of the blood, such as produces its mamfestationa 

 i the female, owing to differences in metabo- 



