306 



THE AMERICAN NATURALIST 



[Vol. XLII 



last Dimylidas (Plesiodimylus), of Erinaceidae (Erina- 

 ceus, last of Palaeoerinaceus), of Chiroptera (Rhinolophus, 

 Cynonycteris, Vespertilio, Vesperugo), of Canidae (Gale- 

 cynus), of Amphicyoninae (Pseudocyon, Hemieyon, Dino- 

 cyon, last Amphicyon), of Mustelidae (Haplogale, Ste- 

 nogale, Pseudictis, Mnstela, Palaeogale, Proputorius, 

 Troehietis, Trochotherium), of Lutrinae (Lutra, Enhy- 

 driodon), of Viverridae (Viverra, Herpestes, Progenetta ) , 

 of Felidae (Machairodus, Hyamailurus, last Pseudaslurus, 

 first true Felis). 



2. Migration of South American origin (by way of 

 Africa) of the Hystricida; (Hystrix). 



3. Migrations, Probably Asiatic-African, of the Ursidae 

 (several branches, Pseudarctos, Hyaenarctos, Ursavus), 

 of the catarrhine monkeys (Oreopithecus), and anthro- 

 poids (Dryopithecus). 



HE. Upper Miocene (Pontian). Fauna of PikermL— 

 Principal localities: Pikermi (Greece); Isle of Samos 

 (Asia Minor) ; Maragha (Persia) ; Tchernigow, sands of 

 Balta, limestone of Odessa and of Groussolowo (Russia) ; 

 Manzati (Roumania) ; Baltavar, lignites of Baroth-Kopecz 

 (Hungary) ; Eppelsheim (Germany) ; Siebenhirten, Con- 

 geria gravels of the Vienna basin, vicinity of Eggenburg 

 (Lower Austria) ; Mont Luberon, Visan (Vaucluse), Au- 

 bignas (Ardeche), Puy-Courny (Cantal), Saint- Jean-de- 

 Bournay, La Tour-du-Pin, La Trappe de Chambaran 

 (Isere), Montmirail, Tersanne (Drome), La Croix-Rousse 

 and Sainte-Foy a Lyon, Amberieu, Soblay, Saint-Jean- 

 le-Vieux (Ain), rocher du Dragon at Aix-en-Provence, 

 Montredon (Herault), Estavar (Cerdagne), Orignac 

 (Hautes-Pyrenees) ; Concud (Spain); Archino (Portu- 

 gal); Grasitelli (Sicily). 



To the same horizon belongs the greater part of the 

 "terrain siderolithique " of Salmendingen, Melchingen, 

 Trochtelfingen, Ebingen, Undingen, Heuberg (Suabia). 



1. Local Evolution.— Continuance of Tapiridae (Tapi- 

 rus), of some groups of Rhinocerotidae (Ceratorhinus r 



