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THE AMERICAN NATURALIST [Vol. XL1I 



(Murray). The young of infected ticks are capable of 

 inoculating the disease and the spirochetes have been 

 found in the eggs, where in fact they multiply and thus 

 infect the new generation. This is evidently true heredi- 

 tary transmission of disease. 



A third species should be added to this genus, namely, 

 the organism producing the relapsing fever of Bombay 

 which Novy and Mackie have shown by inoculation ex- 

 periments to be distinct from either of the preceding 

 forms. To this form the name Spirosclunttlhinia carte ri 

 has recently been given by Mackie. The disease caused 

 by this species has been transmitted experimentally by a 

 grooved needle and also by the bedbug, and none of the 

 experimental animals contracted the disease in any other 

 way than by inoculation. 



In his outline Blanchard included one other genus, 

 which with its diagnosis is as follows: 



Treponema Schaudinn 1905 



Spiral body not flattened, but cylindrical in trans- 

 section, tapering towards the extremities. One flagellum 

 at each extremity, no undulating membrane. Multiplica- 

 tion by longitudinal division, the initial stage of which 

 may be identified by the doubling of the flagellum at one 

 of the ends. Division forms remain long attached by 

 their ends. Type species; T. pallida. One of the 

 marked characteristics of this spirochete is the resistance 

 to ordinary methods of staining. This stands in sharp 

 contrast to conditions among bacteria. Gram's method 

 and many others do not stain it at all, while no stain 

 colors it deeply. 



This form was discovered by Schaudinn and Hoffmann 

 in syphilitic lesions; it has been experimentally trans- 

 ferred to apes, with the result of producing characteristic 

 signs of the disease and has not been found in other 

 diseases. Another species, T. pertenuis (Castellani 

 1905), which is regularly associated with the tropical dis- 

 ease known as frambcesia, or yaws, also belongs here. 



