No. 502] NOTES AND LITERATURE 



687 



the name is no longer the same. The old dynasties, Plantagenet, 

 Stuart, Romanoff, Vasa, etc., have become extinct in one sense, 

 although not in another. If certain royal families have gone, 

 what is to be said with regard to the following facts. 



The male lines of all the present reigning families of Europe 

 are carefully traced in the opposite direction, that is back to 

 their earliest noble ancestors, in a most carefully compiled book 

 by Dr. Kamil von Behr. 4 



With the exception of the present reigning family of Sweden, 

 all have been princes, counts or dukes far into the remote past. 

 These show from 20 to 33 generations of noble blood, in the 

 direct male lines. The following is a list of the present royal 

 families with the earliest authentic dates of their nobility. An- 

 halt 1059 A. D., Austria (Lorraine) 940 A. D., Baden 962 A. D., 

 Bavaria 829 A. D., Belgium 1009 A. D., Denmark 1088 A. D., 

 Great Britain 1009 A. D., Greece 1088 A. D., Hesse-Cassel 846 

 A. D., Hesse-Darmstadt 846 A. D., Italy (Savoy) 959 A. D., 

 Liechtenstein 1133 A. D., Mecklenburg-Schwerin 960 A. D., 

 Mecklenburg-Strelitz 960 A. D., Netherlands 992 A. D., Norway 

 1088 A. D., Portugal 1009 A. D., Prussia 1061 A. D., Reuss 1122 

 A. D., Rumania 1009 A. D., Russia 1088 A. D., Saxe-Coburg- 

 Gotha 1009 A. D., Saxony 1009 A. D., Schaumburg-Lippe 1121 

 A. D., Schwarzburg 1114 A. D., Spain 861 A. D., Sweden 1810 

 A. D., Waldeck 940 A. D., Wiirtemberg 1110 A. D. When one 

 considers that they married practically always within their own 

 ranks, one can easily see that the present reigning families are 

 descended from thousands upon thousands of counts, dukes, 

 princes, kings and emperors. That all this blue blood has not 

 produced sterility is easily seen by a glance at the "Almanach 

 de Gotha" or any of the books containing lists of the many 

 children who have recently been born to royal families. 



It is my own belief that much of the causation underlying 

 historical records may be elucidated by the statistical method, if 

 all cases for or against a certain theory be impartially recorded, 

 and then even a simple arithmetical count be taken. The higher 

 statistical methods (biometrical) may be useful for further re- 

 finement, but even the most simple rules of arithmetic would 

 prevent one going quite as far astray from the truth as Jacoby 

 and Galippe have done in their one-sided and utterly unjust 

 arraignment of royal families. It is like picturing all million- 

 4 Genealogie <ler in Europa regierenden Fiirstenhjiuser. 2d ed.. LeiDziff. 



