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TWENTY-NINTH FRUIT-GROWERS' CONVENTION. 



substituted a distillate spray for the emulsion. They used a specially 

 prepared distillate at a strength of two per cent in the orange groves, 

 and of three per cent in the lemon orchards. This was applied as a 

 mechanical mixture, the machine mixing it thoroughly by violently 

 agitating it in the tank. The plant costs about $400. A distillate engine 

 mounted on the wagon furnishes the power and also works the mixer. 

 A long rubber hose conducts the spray to the nozzle, and two or four 

 of these may be used, and so two or four trees sprayed at a time. Two 

 good men can use six or seven 100-gallon tanks a day, and do good, 

 thorough work. The wagon is drawn by horses which require no driver 

 and move on at the word of the sprayers. The spray does no harm to 

 tree or fruit if the orchard is in good condition and the distillate of 

 approved quality and the mixture of the right strength. It is effective 

 upon all young scale which it touches. It may touch nearly all or 

 every leaf if the sprayers are sufficiently intent and cautious. I think 

 I have seen as efficient work from spraying as I have ever seen from 

 any method. The cost is about one third that of fumigation, while the 

 spray kills older scale and many eggs which fumigation fails to injure. 

 The spray also kills all red mites that it touches, and many of the mite 

 eggs. These mites are now serious pests in many citrus orchards and 

 are wholly unharmed by fumigation. We see, then, that distillate 

 spray has very much in its favor and we are not surprised at its rapidly 

 gaining popularity. That it has come to stay and will claim the field 

 seems now more than probability. But spraying must be thoroughly 

 done, more thoroughly than the mere hired man will usually do it. 

 The sprayer's mind must be on his business every minute of the time. 

 Thus, economy in the work, as well as thoroughness, will demand that 

 the orchardists of each neighborhood own their own machine, and 

 supervise, or better do, the work. Then it will likely be rightly done, 

 and done at the right time and at the minimum cost. Unless our insect 

 friends relieve us of this perpetual fight, this last method seems a solu- 

 tion of the problem of scale warfare. 



A late bulletin (No. 88) prepared by Mrs. M. E. Fernald, of the 

 Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, 

 has furnished us the correct names of all the coccids of the world. 

 This valuable work has been most carefully done, and richly merits 

 the meed of admiration and appreciation which it will surely receive 

 from us all. I append the correct names of the insects which interest 

 us, giving in parenthesis the names previously used: 



Mealy Bug— Ceroputo (Pseudococcus) Yuccse, Coq. 



Cottony Cushion Scale — Icerya piirchasi, Mask. 



Maple Pulvinaria — Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rath. 



Black Scale — Saissetia (Lecanium) olex, Bern. 



Soft Brown Scale — Coccus (Lecanium) hesperidum^ Linn. 



Hemispherical Scede— Saissetia {Lecanium) hemispherical Targ. 



Coccus longulus — Coccus {Lecanium) longuhis, Dougl. 



