72 



Campbell's 1902 Soil Culture Manual. 



suitable puaip and apparatus. A selection of some insecticide of known 

 strength. 



Many of our orchardists are now using arsenical preparations, that 

 is, Pnris green. London purple, green arsenoid, or white arsenic combined 

 with salsoda, with a Bordeaux mixture. The lime in the Bordeaux mix- 

 ture assists in guarding the foliage from being burned by the arsenic. 



Should the orchard be infested with the tent caterpillar or canker 

 wwm, spraying for the codling moth destroys all of the leaf-eating insects 

 that happen to be at work at I he same time. Since the codling moth do 

 not all come forth at the same time, there is a variation in the number of 

 apples in bloom, and in condition of the apple to be protected. It is there- 

 fore considered wi.se to spray the second time about ten days after the first 

 spraying. .After this f-econd spraying in May it is an open question 

 whether spraying against the codling moth in June has much value. 

 The orchaid st resorts to other methods which may be discussed later. 

 The varying results secured in the attempt to destroy the larvae of the 

 codling moth may be due to lack of knowledge, and suitable preparation, 

 care and methods. Perhaps some suggestions may be useful: 



First, it is well to have a suitable pump and nozzle. The metal parts 

 of the pump that come in contact with the solution should be brass. Our 

 old pump operrited by horse power troubled us a good deal for lack or this 

 necessary feaiure. It required repacking frequently, and we had a good 

 deal of t ouble with it to keep it in order. The pump we are using this 

 year has its working parts which come in contact with the poison, made of 

 brass. Having a large amount of spraying, we will, as we have for many 

 years, use a two-hor.se power pump. The pump should have a good agita- 

 tor, one that will keep the contents of the barrel continually stirred, that 

 the liquid may be even in quality, otherwise the portion in the top of the 

 barrel or tank will be weak, that in the lower part have such an excess of 

 arsenic as will burn the foliage. Ihe pump must have great force or 

 power. The liquid must be applied as a fine mist. A fine mist will cover 

 and remain attached to everything with which it comes in contact. 



Most orchardists now endeavor to accomplish as n)uch as possible 

 with one spraying. The Bordeaux mixture combats possible fungus 

 spores. The poison intended for the larvae of the codling moth also de- 

 stroys leaf-eating insects in addition to destroying many of the larvae of 

 the codling moth. Thus three lines of work are accomplished with one 

 effort. Should the Bordeaux mixture be omitted, it is wise to use lime in 

 the proportion of at least two pounds of lime to each pound of Paris 

 green, London purple, or green arsenoid. More lime can do no more harm 

 than the difficulty of passing a large amount of lime through the nozzle. 



To secure a fine mist the spray must be broken up very fine. If the 

 lime is improperly slacked small particles may be left in the solution, 

 which are likely to clog the nozzle. It is also well to be careful not to dis- 



