12 



Campbell's 1902 Soil Culture Manual. 



serve the rain waters. Also, to show that the necessary work is very simple 

 and easy, and not at all expensive. Many farmers, who have read or heard 

 something of the "Campbell Method," stand in their own light and con- 

 tinue to lose crops by presuming that this new method of cultivation is 

 too expensive. The additional labor required is nothing compared to the 

 difference between a forty-bushel and an eight-bushel crop. 



The expense per acre of operating the Pomeroy Model Farm for the 

 year 1901 was 85.48. This includes all cash paid out for labor, feed for 

 teams, and six per cent, interest on S20.00 per acre, the estimated valua- 

 tion of the land, and ten per cent, on the total valuation of teams and 

 tools. In this comjjutation there is included the cost of all the work done 

 on the orchard, which contains ten acres. Our figures are high, and we 

 have made them so because no work was done of any kind or nature on 

 the farm that was not paid for at a good x>rice. Those interested in these 

 particular topics should watch closely the yields of the crops on this farm 

 in 1902 and compute the profit of farming by our method. 



It w^ill pay any man to visit this farm in June next, even though he 

 lives hundreds of miles away, for he will find there a series of glad sur- 

 prises, and he will, better than all else, find that "seeing is believing,'" 

 and he will return home and, we believe, begin at once to cultivate the 

 soil as we cultivate it on the "Model Farm" in Graham County, Kansas. 



FLOWING. 



In outlining our general suggestions for securing the best possible 

 crop results throughout this great plains country, we must of course begin 

 with the preparation of the ground. Owing to the fact that in the settled 

 portions the average farmer has already a sufficient area of ground under 

 cultivation, we will start out with the preparation of ground that has been 

 in crop the previous year. The first and all important work is the double 

 discing of this ground in early spring, beginning as soon as the frost is 

 out a fair depth and the surface sufficiently dry to allow of discing with- 

 out having the soil adhere to the disc too much. It is not uncommon to 

 see farmers double disc by first going over the ground one way and then 

 cross disc it. This results in a series of ridges and trenches, leaving the 

 surface very uneven. The trenches exposing solid soil to the surface allow 

 of much evaporation. The proper manner of double discing is to lap half, 

 which leaves the surface smooth and thoroughly pulverized. In the lap- 

 ping of the half of the disc the last time over, the last discs revolve at right 

 angles with the discs that precede. 



