Campbell's 1902 Soil Culture Manual. 



85 



better and more even stand with much less seed, but your chances are in- 

 creased many fold for getting a good stand regardless of what the season 

 may be. 



SEEDING OX NEW BREAKIXG. 



Alfalfa, like many other crops, may be sowed on new breaking the 

 same season the breaking is done and sometimes get satisfactory results, 

 but considering its uncertainty and the difference in the value of a good 

 crop as against a poor crop and possibly none at all. we are inclined to 

 give over the whole season to fitting, for a good crop is then practically as- 

 sured. 



Breaking should be done when the grass is growing the fastest, for 

 at this time the sod seems to more readily and more completely rot. Let 

 the plow run about two and one-half inches deep, using every possible 

 means and care to lay the furrow slice flat and roll down solid either with 

 the packer or a disc set straight, then harrow; here again the Acme har- 

 row comes in with good results, the object being to loosen enough dirt from 

 the sod to fill all the crevices between the furrows and form a perfect 

 blanket to hold all the rainfall down under the sod, then take care of the 

 big rains by harrowing again. If this is fully accomplished the sod will 

 not only be fully rotted in a very short time but the top of the subsoil be- 

 neath will also become rotted to a deptn of two to three inches. As soon as 

 this is found to be true, then begin backsetting or plowing with the stubble 

 plow, cutting about two and one-half inches deeper; follow the plow with the 

 packer as explained under the heading of Plowing and Sub-Packing, then fol- 

 low with the harrow, the Acme preferred, getting it all fine and firm before 

 it has time to dry out. Look well to the storage of later rains and be 

 ready to loosen the surface in early spring with the harrow and put in your 

 seed fairly early, governed largely by the locality, us ng not over ten 

 pounds of good seed with a shoe drill and chain cover. If your work is 

 all well done, as outlined, you need have no fears of the result. 



BARN YARD MANURES. 



It needs no argument to prove to the eastern farmer in the more 

 humid sections of this country, that there is great value in the use of barn 

 yard manures. In fact, in most sections of the east every opportunity 

 possible is utilized in increasing the quantity. In the west, or more 

 especially in the semi-arid belt, farmers have come to look upon this ques- 

 tion in an entire different light. Probably in the entire belt at the present 



