46 



COFFEE. 



an external parasite, and M. de Motchulsky is wrong in stating that I 

 had discovered it " dans le Pseudococcus." 



The white bug is also preyed upon by the larvas of Encyrtus Nietneri 

 and Ghartocerus musciformis, two minute Hymenoptera (wasj)s), the 

 former of a yellowish colour and common, the latter black and 

 scarcer. There is also a very minute whitish translucent mite, which 

 is found mixed up with the bug, and no doubt injures it to some 

 extent. I will call it Acarus transhicens. 



Lecanium Coffece (brown or scaly bug). — Male : Head transversely 

 ovate-rotundate, narrowed, and square in front ; eyes large, black ; 

 ocelli two, small, lateral ; antenn£e nine-jointed, second joint smallest ; 

 third longest, thence decreasing to the tip ; mouth as in the male of 

 the white bug ; thorax ample, cordiform, narrowed in front ; wings 

 two, hyaline, two-nerved, subcostal nerve dark pink, not folded 

 straight down the back when at rest, but half spread out ; scutellum 

 as in white bug; abdomen triangular, subcylindrical, of shrivelled 

 appearance, with two lateral points, one central appendage, and two 

 long, thin, white filaments at the extremity. The insect is still more 

 delicate than the male Pseudococcus, of clear, light, pinkish-brown 

 colour, slightly hairy ; very pretty. 



Female : Apterous, tortoise-like, yellowish, marbled with grey or 

 light brown, suboval, more or less semi-globose according to age ; 

 back with one elevated longitudinal, and two transverse costae, uneven ; 

 split behind, at the extremity of a split bifid anal flab of brown 

 colour ; eyes marginal, black ; antennae seven-jointed, third joint 

 longest ; promuscis with one long sucking bristle. The old indi- 

 viduals are light brown, with a dark margin, smooth, semi-globose, 

 fixed to the branch. 



Larvae of female with two anal filaments, which are lost in after- 

 life. The larvae and pupae of both sexes are active, with the exception 

 of the male pupa, which is plentiful on the under side of the leaves, 

 where the long, narrow, oval shell, under which it rests, is easily dis- 

 covered. This shell is transparent, and composed of nine plates, three 

 central and three on either side. I have occasionally found the entire 

 under side of leaves covered with nothing but male pupi-e, all dead. 

 This species of bug affects elevated (above 3000 feet), cold, damp, 

 close localities, where it is found in all stages of development 

 all the year round, the propagation being, as in the white bug, con- 

 tinuous. As in the latter species, the males seem to be more abun- 

 dant about June and January than at any other season. The eggs, 

 which are oval and of pinkish colour, are not actually brought forth 

 by the female ; but when they are matured the parent insect dies, the 

 whole interior forming one mass of eggs protected by the shell. 



This kind of bug is closely allied to the lac insect (Coccus Lacea, K.) 

 of India. 



The brown bug is much infested by parasites, amongst which the 

 following are the most common : — Scutellista cyanea, Encyrtus Nietneri, 

 Encyrtus paradisicus, Cephaleta purpureiventris, Cephaleta hrunneiven- 

 iris, Cephaleta fusciventris, Cirrliospilus coccivorus, Marietta leopardina. 



These are all Hymenoptera of the most minute description, pre- 

 senting under the microscope the most elegant forms, and, for the 



