28 



COFFEE. 



America, Cayenne, Peru, Bolivia, and especially Brazil, the greatest 

 market of all. It is widely spread over Arabia, the western coast of 

 India, Ceylon, Sumatra, Boui-bon, Mauritius, Java, and other islands 

 of the Eastern Archipelago and various parts of Africa. 



Coffee Production of the World. — Few people have even an approxi- 

 mate idea of the magnitude of the coffee trade of the world ; the value 

 of the coffee crop, according to an Amsterdam authority, as purchased 

 from fii'st hands, was set down recently at nearly 25,000,000?., but 

 this is far too low ; for, taking the production of the world at present 

 at 13,000,000 cwts. (which is certainly much within the mark), and 

 estimating it at but 60s. per cwt. on the spot, we arrive at a total of 

 39,000,000Z. Our imports into the United Kingdom in 1875 of under 

 1,600,000 cwts. were valued at 7,500,000^. 



Let me now trace the aggregate progress of coffee production as 

 shown in the last fifteen years. 



Brazil — Eio 



„ Santos 



„ Bahia 



Costa Rica and Guatemala 

 Lagnayra and Porto Cabello, Mara-l 



caibo and Guayaquil j 



Porto Eico, Cuba, and British Westl 



Indies / 



St. Domingo 



Java 



Padang 



Men ado 



Sumatra, Macassar, &c 



Ceylon 



British India and Manila 



1861. 



1870. 



1875. 



cwts. 



3,610,400 

 359,100 

 72,000 

 54,200 



cwts. 



2,841,200 

 714,100 

 121,100 

 180,200 



cwts. 

 1 7,142,000 

 354,260 



295,000 



263,800 



410,650 



100,200 



148,100 



377,000 



314,600 

 1,117,100 

 203,900 

 16,300 

 9,700 

 593,900 

 173,100 



470,500 

 1,497,500 

 145,300 

 46,800 

 40.200 

 1,019,200 

 290,100 



24,500 

 1,400,000 

 161,000 

 20,000 

 35,000 

 967,700 

 446,420 



6,919,500 



7,778,200 



11,338,530 



The Brazilian production for 1875 is calculated by adding one-fifth 

 for local consumption to the total actual shipments ; for all the other 

 countries, the mere exports are given irresjiective of what may be 

 locally consumed. Africa and the African islands and Arabia might 

 be set down for a few thousand cwts. more. 



Consumption in the United Kingdom. — If we examine closely the 

 statistics of coffee consumption in this country, we find that in the 

 first four years of the century it was only an ounce per head ; in the 

 five years ending 1809 it averaged three ounces ; it then increased, in 

 the next quinquennial period, to six ounces, at which proportion it 

 remained steady till 1825-29 when it advanced to eleven ounces ; 

 increased in the next five years to fifteen ounces, averaged about a 

 pound per head for the following ten years, and then kept steady at 

 about a pound and a quarter till 1861, since which period it has been 

 gradually declining contemjDoraneously with the increased consump- 

 tion of tea, and notwithstanding a reduction of duty. The following 



