148 



SUGAR. 



(rattoons). It is very common to see roots of this grass with more 

 than twenty vigorous cane stalks. It promptly develops itself, and 

 ripens at the end of six or seven months' planting. In the moun- 

 tainous parts it is not grown for sugar, but to obtain aguadiente 

 (spirit), of which the natives are very fond. 



The sugar manufactured in Peru may be estimated at 720,000 cwts. 

 per annum, of which there is sent to Chili 100,000 cwts., to California 

 50,000 ; the remainder being used in the country. 



It is produced in the following places, and in the quantities 



named : 



Cwts. 



Pimental and San Jose 160 , 000 



Pacasmayo 120,000 



Malabrizo 120,000 



Huanchaco and other small ports .. 60,000 



CerroAzul 200,000 



Pisco and Lomas 60 , 000 



Total 720,000 



In the valley of Canete, interior to the port of Cerro Azul, which is 

 not more than 80 miles south of Callao, are several sugar-cane planta- 

 tions, with manufactories for sugar and rum ; these are called 

 " haciendos." This valley produces annually sugar and rum worth 

 more than 400,000/. There is a sugar refinery in Callao.* 



In 1871 the exports from San Jose de Lambayeque were 58,251 cwts., 

 of white crushed, muscovado, and coarse brown sugar. This was 

 about the same as the previous year. The crop would have been 

 larger but for disastrous floods, which ruined all the small farmers. 



The import of Peruvian sugar into Great Britain is increasing 

 rapidly. The following figures give the receipts in each year from 

 1870 to 1875, inclusive: 1870, 502,000 lbs.; 1871, 8,700,000 lbs.; 

 1872, 13,100,000 lbs.; 1873, 31,900,000 lbs. ; 1874, 47,400,000 lbs. ; 

 1875, 100,000,000 lbs. (say = 50,000 hogsheads) ; total for the six 

 years, 201,602,000 lbs. 



Louisiana. — In 1759 the first sugar mill was erected in New 

 Orleans. In 1834 the produce was 100,000 hogsheads, and in 

 1840, 119,947 hogsheads, of 1000 lbs. each; and 600,000 gallons 

 of molasses. 



In 1845 there were 762 sugar estates, of which a little more than 

 half worked by steam-power, and the rest by horse-power. The crop 

 of sugar was 204,913 hogsheads. Of the estates, 757 used the old 

 process of open kettles for granulation, and 5 used the vacuo process, 

 with its expensive appendages of filters, animal chai-coal, &c. 



In 1853 there were 1481 sugar-houses in operation, of which 943 

 worked by steam-power, and 538 by horse-power ; 53 used the vacuo 

 process. The crop of sugar was 321,934 hogsheads. 



The sugar interest of Louisiana, which was almost annihilated 

 during the war, is again rising to prominence. In 1861 the yield 

 was 449,410 hogsheads ; in 1864 it was but 6668 hogsheads, and 

 from that time it gradually rose until, in 1869, it was 87,000, and in 

 1870, 144,881 hogsheads, which was more than a fair average yield. 



* Mr. Hutchison's Consular Report, 1871. 



