168 



SUGAR. 



the primitive mills with wooden rollers to be very marked. Steam 

 mills had also been erected for crushing cane, four being then at 

 work at Negros on estates which produce collectively 1300 tons of 

 sugar, and would double that quantity when further improvements in 

 deeper ploughing and a less backward mode of general cultivation 

 was adopted. There were in that year twenty-three Europeans en- 

 gaged in planting at Negros. The united crops of Negros, Iloilo, 

 and Antique were expected to yield about 21,0U0 tons, and in eight 

 years more the British Consul estimated the shipments of the two 

 islands of Panay and Negros would be about 62,000 tons. 

 The exports of sugar from Iloilo, island of Panay, were in 



Tons. 



1855 750 



1856 850 



1857 1800 



1858 1,290 



1859 5,427 



Tons. 



1860 7,048 



1861 4,598 



1862 12,586 



1863 15,677 



The progress made in sugar production in these two quarters 

 since is shown by the subjoined statement of exports in piculs of 

 li cwt. : 



Year. 



Iloilo. 



1864 



152,757 



1865 



117,445 



1866 



145,241 



1867 



153,123 



1868 



255,274 



1870 



312,359 



1872 



539,293 



1873 



545,001 



Cebu. 



58,364 

 93,835 

 72,204 

 133,384 

 185,049 

 149,106 

 186,606 

 169,260 



From these figures it will be seen that the estimate of the British 

 Consul is approaching realization, as the combined exports are 

 already 45,000 tons. 



Previously to the year 1867 the greater part of the sugar made in 

 the Philippines was forwarded to England ; but a large quantity is 

 now taken by the United States. 



Shipments of sugar from the whole of the Archipelago : 





Piculs. 





Piculs. 







1869 



,. 1,101,500 



1863 , 



1,172,050 

 ,. 1,035,027 



1870 , 



1,256,582 



1864 .. . 



1871 



1865 ., . 



896,832 



1872 ,. . 



.. 1,530,641 



1866 , 



855,280 



1873 , 



1,429,322 



1867 



1,015,887 



1874 , 



1,653,128 



1868 .. , 



.. 1,180,567 



1875 , 



.. 2,017,361 



Java. — The sugar culture in Java is one of the chief supports of 

 the Treasury. The principal points of the contracts which formerly 

 existed were that the Government assisted the planter in making 



