178 



SUGAR. 



" The yield of 164,345 gallons of raw juice, at 9j° Beaume and 

 72° Fahrenheit, was : 



Tons. cwts. qrs, lbs. 



First white sugar 54 18 2 18 



Second boiling brown 18 6 3 1 



Tliird „ estimated 9 3 1 14 



All sugar— total .... 82 8 3 5 



Molasses after second sugars 24 12 2 25 



or at the rate of 1-124 lb. per gallon, the white sugar alone being 

 0*75 lb. per gallon. At Bene Mazar the yield of first sugars was 

 0*71 lb. per gallon, the total yield being estimated at 1-21 lb. per 

 gallon. At either factory the result must be looked upon as extremely 

 good, considering that the canes were very small, their dimensions 

 seldom exceeding 4 feet long by 1 inch to IJ inch diameter. A 

 great number of the canes were also so short that they had to be 

 carried up to the mills in baskets. And, besides this, they lay fre- 

 quently for two weeks and even three weeks cut before they were 

 ground. During the experiments a lot of cane sent from Bene Mazar, 

 where it had been cut down to make room for the Agricultural Eail- 

 way, lay a fortnight before it was crushed. Sugar makers can readily 

 estimate the deterioration of the juice which resulted from this 

 delay. 



" I am indebted to the courtesy of the Colonial Company for the 

 following statement : — On their estate in Demerara — famous for the 

 richness of its sugar-cane — from cane juice, when at its best in the 

 months of March, April, and May, and indicating 10° Beaume at 70° 

 temperature, they obtained, of first white sugars, 8*43 per cent, on the 

 cane juice, and of second sugars, 4*56 per cent., or in all 12-99 per 

 cent., or about 1-405 lb. per gallon. The company does not work the 

 molasses a third time, but as the second boiling forms 54 per cent, of 

 the first, it is probable that very little crystallizable sugar is lost. 

 At Aba, the second boiling forms only 33 per cent, of the first, and 

 it is not likely that the sugar derived from the thii'd boiling would 

 make the aggregate amount greater than 50 per cent. This result 

 seems to show that, under like favourable circumstances, equally high 

 results may be looked for in Egypt. Sir Daniel Cooper, Bart., late 

 Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of New South Wales, who is 

 extensively interested in the sugar industry of that colony, has kindly 

 communicated the following information respecting the yield of two 

 sugar factories on the Clarence river. Of first yellow sugars they 

 made in 1871, 0-89 lb. and 1-01 lb. per gallon of juice respectively ; 

 of second sugars, 0*29 lb. and 0-14 lb. and of molasses, 0-57 lb. and 

 0-47 lb. In these mills concretors are employed for the concentra- 

 tion ; and as no use whatever is made of the steam from the juice, 

 more than two tons of coal have been consumed per ton of dry sugars, 

 besides all the megass. The quantity of molasses, or uncrystallizable 

 sugar, remaining after the first boiling, may be taken as the measure 

 of the degradation the juice has suffered during its manufacture into 

 sugar. Taking the percentages in each case on the first and secoud 



