SUGAR. 



187 



granulation is complete, instead of allowing it to cool in a solid mass 

 as by the old process, is now very general. The stirring is commonly 

 effected by a disc revolving in the cooler, which takes up and scatters 

 the fluid sugar. The result is that the sugar crystallizes in larger 

 grains, and parts more quickly and entirely with the molasses, so 

 that there is less drainage on the voyage. Sugar made in this way 

 sells for nearly 2s. a cwt. more than the produce of the same land 

 made by the old process. 



Tortola cannot now, as in her palmy days, boast of wealthy estate 

 proprietors ; and the relation existing between the labourer and the 

 estate owners here is very different from that in other and larger 

 colonies. The principle upon which they work is this : Those small 

 farmers who cultivate canes upon their own land allow to the owner 

 of the sugar works one-third of their sugar as payment for its manu- 

 facture. Others who cultivate a plot belonging to the same owner as 

 the sugar mill receive one-half of the sugar as their proportion, the 

 other half being claimed by the proprietor of the land and sugar 

 mill as an equivalent for rent and manufacturing expenses. 



St. Kitts. — The average produce of sugar in this island is about 

 10,000 hhds., 300 tierces, and 6000 barrels of sugar, 4000 puncheons 

 of molasses, and 600 puncheons of rum. 



It may be well to publish here for reference by the planter the 

 analyses of twelve different specimens of canes, by Dr. Stenhouse. 





Trinidad. 



Berbice. 



Dem- 

 erara. 



Gre- 

 nada. 



Jamaica. 





1 



2 



3 





5 





7 



8 



9 



10 



11 



12 



Silica . . . . 



45 



9Y 



42 



90 



46-46 



41 



•37 



46 



48 



50 



00 



45 



13: 



17 



64 



26 



38 



52-20 



48-73 



54 



59 



Phosphoric acid 



3 



76 





99 



8-23 





59 



8 



16 



6 



56 



4 



88 





37 



6 



20 



13-04 



2-90 



8 



00 



Sulphuric acid 



6 



66 



10 



94 



4-65 



10 



93 



7 



•52 



6 



40 



7 



74 



7 



97 



6 



08 



3-31 



5-35 



1 



9 



Lime . . . . 



9 



16 



13 



20 



8-91 



9 



11 



5 



78 



5 



09 



4 



49. 



2 



34 



5 



87 



10-64 



11-62 



14 



36 



Magnesia 



3 



66 



9 



88 



4-50 



6 



92 



15 



61 



13 



01 



11 



90^ 



3 



93 



5 



48 



5-63 



5-61 



5 



30 



Potash . . . . 



25 



50 



12 



01 



10-63 



15 



99 



11 



93 



13 



69 



16 



97 



32 



93 



31 



21 



10-09 



7-46 



11 



14 



Soda . . . . 







1 



39 













57 



1 



33 



1 



64 











0-80 









Chloride of) 

 Potassium . . 3 



3 



27 







7-41 



8 



96 













. 



10 



70 



11 



14 





16-06 







84 



Chloride of ) 

 Sodium . . 3 



2 



02 



1 



62 



9-21 



2 



13 



3 



95 



3 



92 



7 



25 



17 



20 



7 



64 



4-29 



2-27 



3 



83 



The first seven were all fine canes with the leaves ; the eighth had 

 no leaves ; No. 9, but few leaves ; No. 10 was in full blossom, and 

 had been manured with pen manure ; No. 11 were old ratoons, 

 manured in the same way ; and No. 12 were young Mont Blanc canes, 

 manured with pen manure, guano, and marl. This is a valuable 

 analysis, from having been made from entire canes. 



By comparing these elements together, we observe that the pro- 

 portion of potash and silica is great in all of them ; phosphorus, 

 sulphur, and lime also exist in considerable quantities in all the spe- 

 cimens, while soda is variable in some and non-existent in others, and 

 chloride of sodium, or common salt, is abundant in the Demerara 

 specimen, and varies much in the different specimens. We may there- 

 fore conclude that the sugar-cane is a plant requiring : 



Istly. A considerable supply of those two substances found gene- 

 rally coexistent with nitrogenized compounds in all animals and 

 vegetables, viz. nhosphorus and sulphur. 



