SUGAB. 



213 



PALM SUGAR. 



In Britisli India and several parts of the Eastern Archipelago sugar 

 is made from the sap of some of the palms, such as the wild date 

 palm (Phoenix sylvestris), the Palmyra palm (Bdrassusflahelllformis), the 

 cocoanut palm (^Cocos nucifera), the Gomuti palm (Saguerus [Arenga] 

 saccharifera), the Nipah palm {Nrpa fruticans), and the Kittool palm 

 (Cdnjota urens). About 50,000 tons of palm sugar are produced in 

 Bengal alone, and a good deal in Siam ; probably 150,000 tons is 

 below the mark for the entire produce. I have preferred to treat of 

 this manufacture under the head of " The Useful Palms," to which 

 section the reader is referred for full details. 



BEETEOOT SUGAR. 



Of all the plants experimentally tried for sugar the beet proved the 

 most promising, but forty years elapsed before the manufacture of 

 beet sugar was enabled to cope successfully with colonial sugars. 

 From France, the culture spread thi'ough Belgium, Germany, and 

 far into the interior of Russia, and now there is produced on the 

 continent of Europe 1,200,000 tons, of which about one-fourth is 

 manufactured in France. 



The progress in the different countries is shown by the following 

 statistics of factories and production : 



Country. 



Nutuber 

 of Manufac- 

 tories. 



Beet consumed in 

 Cwts. 



Sugar Production 

 in Cwts. 



Average 

 Production of 

 each Mill. 



Germany 



434 

 266 

 300 

 212 

 106 

 18 

 6 



82,850,000 

 51,495,494 

 42,400,000 

 42,300,000 

 14,200,000 

 2,143,000 

 770,000 



5,800,000 

 4,319,640 

 3,792,000 

 3,400,000 

 1,000,000 

 150,000 

 61,600 



190,915 

 172,619 

 141,334 

 199,530 

 131,482 

 119,060 

 192,500 



Total .. 



1,372 



236,158,404 



18,523,240 



173,380 



Year. 



France. 



Zollverein. 



Bel^um. 



Factories. 



Tons. 



Factories. 



Tons. 



Factories. 



Tons. 



1850 

 1860 

 1870 

 1875 



390 

 341 

 458 

 500 



67,000 

 108,000 

 285,000 

 500,000 



184 

 247 

 284 

 300 



45,000 

 145,000 

 215,000 

 346,000 



281 

 65 

 131 

 200 



5,800 

 17,000 

 48,000 

 80,000 



Year. 



Austria. 



Eussia and Poland. 



Holland, Sweden, and Italy. 



Factories. 



Tons. 



Factories. 



Tons. 



Factories. 



Tons. 



1860 

 1870 

 1875 



140 

 181 

 236 



76,000 

 152,000 

 154,000 



300 



87,000 

 132,500 

 245,000 



20 

 25 



16,000 

 30,000 



