148 



mi] ITS. 



[chap. 



the place where a branch has been cut off. The sap of the stock 

 flows upward towards the scion, and will flow on into the scion, 

 provided it find no interruption. Here therefore is the nicety : to 

 fit those two barks so closely the one upon the other that the sap 

 shall proceed onward into the scion just as it would have done into 

 the amputated branch, causing the scion to supplant the branch. 

 I shall only mention and illustrate two modes of grafting, namely, 

 tongue-grafting and cleft-grafting . These twp it is necessary for 

 me to speak of separately and thoroughly to describe, for they are 

 not both of them applicable in all cases, the former being used in 

 grafting on small-sized stocks, and small branches of trees, and 

 the latter on large stocks and large blanches. 



210. Tongue-grafting . — Suppose you to have your stock of the 

 proper age for grafting (and for all about which see above, the 

 article on stocks), you cut it off" at three or four inches from the 

 ground, and, with a very sharp , straight , and narrow-hladed graft- 

 ing-knife, cut a thin strip of wood and bark upward from about 

 two inches below the top of your already shortened stock. Make 

 this cut at one pull of the knife, inserting the edge rather hori- 

 zontally, and when it has gone through the bark and into the wood 

 a little short of the middle, pull straight upwards (plate 3, 

 fig. 1, a h). 



PLATE 3. 



