VI.] 



LIST OF FTIUITS. 



205 



from the tufts, and leave the tufts to bear a second year and no 

 longer, for, if they do, they become so crowded into offsets that 

 they do not bear much, and that which they do bear is not fine 

 fruit ; so that it is necessary to make a new plantation every 

 year in order always to have an abundance of strawberries. The 

 tufts of last year will bear strawberries very nearly as early as the 

 scarlet. All strawberries have a fragrant smell ; but a bed of 

 these strawberries surpasses all others in fragrance, and, I think, 

 in flavour. There are some of them red and some white, which 

 may be kept distinct or not, just as you please. As to their size, 

 those of Sir Charles Wolseley were a great deal larger than the 

 common scarlet strawberry. In my " American Gardener/' I have 

 recommended the forming of strawberry plantations into beds^ 

 knowing that it was impossible to prevail upon the people in 

 that country to take the pains required to cultivate them in 

 clumps. 



286. VINE. — It is the practice in England to cultivate vines 

 only against walls, against houses, upon roofs of houses, and 

 under glass ; but, that it might be cultivated otherwise on many 

 spots in the south of England, the history of the country most 

 amply proves. For a series of ages there were extensive vineyards 

 in England ; and wine made here very nearly as good as that of 

 France. I remember seeing, when I was a boy, a beautiful vine- 

 yard, in extent, I should think, of two or three acres, in the 

 grounds of the estate called Painshill at Cobham, in Surrey. 

 The vines were there planted in rows, and tied to stakes, in just 

 the same manner as in the vineyards in France ; and, at the time 

 when I saw that vineyard, the vines were well loaded with 

 black-coloured grapes. The reasons why this culture has been 

 dropped are of no importance at present; but the facts that I 

 have stated are of great importance ; because they prove that 

 vines may be raised in espalier in a warm situation in any garden 

 on the south side of Warwickshire at the least. The grape-vine 

 is propagated from cuttings or from layers. A layer is a shoot 

 from the vine, laid into the ground in oi e part of it with a little 

 sloping cut on the under side. The fore part of the shoot is then 

 tacked to the wall, or a stake is driven into the ground to tie it 

 to. In the fall of the year this is a young vine with a good root 

 to it ; but, as vines do not remove very well, the usual way is to 

 untack a shoot from the vine which grows against the wall, bring 



