VI.] LIST OF FRUITS. 2ll 



ting the top of the trunk off pretty close down to the highest 

 of the two first shoots from the bottom. These two shoots may 

 be suffered to bear the first year after they come out ; but they 

 are then to be suffered to remain to form limbs for the bearing 

 shoots to go out of ; and these bearing shoots are to go up the 

 wall perpendicularly, instead of horizontally, as they do on the 

 trellis-work. All the rules for cutting out the shoots alternately 

 are the same in this case as in the other. The vine might be 

 trained against the wall horizontally as against the trellis-work ; 

 but it would not be so convenient ; for, the two horizontal limbs 

 left at the bottom may be carried to any length against a wall ; so 

 that one vine would, in time, be sufficient for a wall of consider- 

 able extent. I have seen such limbs forty feet long, supplying an 

 abundance of bearing wood to cover the w all. If you choose you 

 may, at every three or four yards' distance, cause these bottom 

 limbs to touch the ground, and, if pegged down and covered with 

 a little part of the earth, they would strike root there. The up- 

 right bearing shoots should be tacked to the wall in a serpentine 

 manner, which checks the flow of the sap and makes them bear 

 better all over the vine. Under glass the training and pruning 

 are precisely the same as against a wall : two limbs running along 

 at the bottom of the glass, and shoots coming out, pruned, and 

 tied up in the manner directed in the case of the wall. Against a 

 house, you want a lofty trunk. You carry it to the height that 

 the situation requires, and train by side-shoots, just in the manner 

 directed for the trellis in the case of the espalier. A roof is only 

 a wall lying in a sloping direction, and the training and pruning 

 are precisely those directed for the wall. Such is the manner of 

 pruning vines in what is called long-pruning ; but there is a 

 method very different, called the short pruning, which very much 

 resembles the method I have described for pruning the currant- 

 tree. Instead of alternate bearing shoots, brought out of the 

 trunk, as in the espalier form, for instance, you suffer these 

 shoots, as in plate 8, fig. 3, to remain perpetually. They send 

 out annually side-shoots. These you cut off to within one or two 

 eyes of the limb, and, out of these little artifical spurs come, the 

 next year, shoots to bear the fruit. The vine bears only on 

 shoots that come out of the last year's wood, and therefore, these 

 spurs would become too long in a very short time ; so that you 

 must cut them out close to the limb, at the end of a year or two, 



p 2 



