76 PROCEEDINGS OF NINETEENTH FRUIT GROWERS' CONVENTION. 



the tank and add the poison. After thorough mixing, it is ready for 

 use. See that the solution is frequently stirred, as its weight, even in a 

 finely pulverized condition, causes it to quickly settle to the bottom. 

 An agitator attached to the pump-handle is not sufficient. A long 

 dasher or paddle to reach the bottom and end of the tank is what is 

 wanted. If this work has been properly attended to, there should be no 

 deposit left when the solution has all been sprayed. Only prepare 

 sufficient for the day's work; that is, do not leave it standing over night. 



The codlin moth most frequently selects the calyx or blossom end of 

 the fruit whereon to deposit an egg, and it is rarely that more than one 

 worm is found in a single apple or pear. This would lead one to believe 

 that the moth makes a careful examination of the fruit before oviposit- 

 ing in order that her progeny may have the necessary food for their 

 development. This appears to be the seeds and core. The selection of 

 the calyx also shows instinct, as there it is more protected and the small 

 larvae are nearest the desirable part of the fruit. This preference 

 naturally suggests that the proper time to apply Paris green is soon after 

 the petals drop and before the young fruit turns down. Four or six 

 days after the egg is laid the young worm hatches and eats a small 

 patch of the skin before burrowing into the fruit. In doing this, if it 

 picks up the most infinitesimal portion of the poison its career will be 

 cut short and the fruit saved. As the fruit expands, leaving a clean 

 surface and other moths are developing from cocoons and depositing 

 more eggs, another spraying should be given ten or twelve days after 

 the first. A third application three weeks after this will be found 

 effective, unless a heavy rain should occur and wash the poison off. 

 For late apples or pears it will be advisable to again spray when the 

 fruit is well grown. 



For canker worms and other caterpillars on apples, saw flies and slugs 

 on pears, the same proportion of poison with lime water will be found 

 effective. Never spray prune, plum, or other stone fruits with Paris 

 green, unless lime water has been added, as such trees are more sus- 

 ceptible to injury. Keep a close watch upon your trees and apply the 

 remedy as soon as possible after the worms hatch and before they have 

 damaged the foliage of the trees. 



"Why so many fail in doing good work is because spraying has been 

 deferred too long and the worms are nearly full grown before applying 

 the remedy. 



To sum up the matter briefly: Purchase Paris green from a reliable 

 house. Do not buy cheap grades. Add lime water to the solution. 

 Keep it constantly stirred when spraying. Be careful in applying; 

 spray at the proper time, and the result will be sound crops and trees 

 free from caterpillars. 



DISCUSSION ON MR. CRAW'S PAPER. 



Mr. Berwick: I would like to draw attention to one point in the essay 

 just read. Some few years since we began to use Paris green in our 

 orchards. The scientists told us then that the main point was to have 

 the Paris green as soluble as possible. We were to do so many things 

 to increase the solubility of the Paris green. I want you to remark that 

 in the essay just read it is stated that the insolubility of the Paris green 



