244 TREATMENT OF THE 



trees are headed down, pruned, and other- 

 wise treated as already directed for young 

 trees at the commencement of the present 

 Chapter. If the maiden trees are planted 

 between the old Peach and Nectarine trees, 

 they must be placed exactly in the middle 

 between the old trees. Previous to this the 

 border must be trenched to the bottom and 

 about two yards in extent, from the bole of 

 the young tree, being careful not to disturb 

 the under stratum. In trenching it, let about 

 one-half of the old soil be taken away, and 

 some new suitable soil be substituted in its 

 place. Also mix with it a small quantity of 

 well rotted cow's dung or vegetable manure. 



This trenching of the border should be 

 done two or three months previous to the 

 time of planting the trees. After the young 

 trees are planted and begin to spread, a por- 

 tion from the ends of the branches of the old 

 trees must be pruned away, in order to afford 

 sufficient space for the young ones to be 

 trained. After the trees have been planted 

 four or five years, the old ones may be en- 

 tirely removed, and all that part of the border 

 which could not be trenched previous to 

 planting the young trees, must now be pre- 

 pared in the same manner the other was, 

 taking care to let the surface have an incli- 

 nation from the wall to the front of the 

 border, as directed in the Chapter on making 

 fruit tree borders. If the young trees were 



