54 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTY-THIRD FRUIT-GROWERS ' CONVENTION. 



and reports would give us to understand. It is spoken of generally as 

 better suited to the coast counties— the mild, moist climate. 



I was in Oroville some months ago and found a magnificent speci- 

 men growing there, and certainly if it will grow there it will stand 

 plenty of heat and a dry atmosphere, so it will be one of the most 

 valuable we have because of its known properties for hardwood pur- 

 poses. 



The blue gum has been used perhaps more than any other medici- 

 nally for oils and so on, but we find from reports made by the medical 

 papers that it is too strong; there is something in it too powerful for 

 antiseptic purposes, so they use the lemon-scented gum. 



THE CHAIRMAN. Mr. Coates, will you please tell what you con- 

 sider the best hardwood eucalypts we have; just the names, please, of 

 about three or four, so that if anybody wants to plant varieties that are 

 successful they will know what to plant ? 



MR. COATES. Probably the best hardwood varieties w T ould be the 

 red gum (rostrata), the sugar gum (cory no calyx) , the crebra, or shal- 

 low-leaf iron bark, and this pilularis— black butt. Those are as valuable 

 as any, so far as Ave know, for general purposes of hard wood. All of 

 these have particular and special characteristics and uses, but the 

 matter may be taken up again later, possibly. It is a sort of technical 

 subject, really, the describing of these botauical varieties. 



MR. C RANDALL. Might I not suggest that Mr. Coates be asked 

 to write out a statement, just such as he has given us, to be included in 

 the report? It is a very important matter, and he could submit it to 

 the Secretary to be included in the report. 



THE CHAIRMAN. I think the Secretary will take the suggestion 

 without any further action. I now have the pleasure of introducing 

 Col. John P. Irish of San Francisco, who will address you on "Labor 

 in the Rural Industries of California." 



LABOR IN THE RURAL INDUSTRIES OF CALIFORNIA. 



By COL. JOHN P. IRISH, of San Feancisco. 



Mr. Commissioner, and Ladies and Gentlemen : The labor situation in 

 the rural industries of California is being dictated and victimized by 

 theory. The orchard and vineyard work of this State and the primary 

 processes of labor necessary to be performed in other rural production 

 have been settled often by the metropolitan press and by those who 

 produce nothing but theories, and while this theoretical and newspaper 

 settlement has been going on, the labor situation in the rural indus- 

 tries of California has for the last twenty-five years been continually 

 growing worse and more uncertain. You who are practically engaged in 



