80 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTY-THIRD FRUIT-GROWERS ' CONVENTION, 



laboratory and a school. You are teaching your young people to produce 

 economically and with profit. I don't see why the State farm should 

 not produce with profit as well as any individual farm. If you do things 

 extravagantly on the farm you are giving a bad example to the young 

 people who are with you, and I think they should learn from the start 

 to pay as they go. Perhaps I am wrong, but that is how it appears to 

 me — that it would be the best possible lesson to a young farmer to see 

 how the State could make that thing pay. I have been myself a victim 

 of theory through life, and I see no reason on earth why your farm 

 should not more than pay its way. I can see full well in a school where 

 the chemical laboratory pays nothing. But when a boy milks a cow or 

 runs a plow or plants a tree or cuts alfalfa, he is a producer; he is making 

 something of value from the start, and I think it would be the best object 

 lesson possible to make that farm pay its way. 



A MEMBER. I was at the Davis farm, and among the things that 

 interested me a great deal was the fact that they are going to bring a 

 bunch of earth from Kansas and plant on it some of that Kansas wheat, 

 of which they import 110,000 tons to mix with our wheat. Now, to 

 bring a carload of earth from Kansas and to find out something that 

 might be worth millions of dollars to California, in itself never can be 

 made a profitable proposition, yet it seems to me might be worth millions 

 of dollars to us as wheat-growers of California, and many other things of 

 that kind. It seems to me that it is impossible to consider that side 

 of the question in an institution of learning. We might as well expect 

 the young physician to make the college self-supporting and go to sawing 

 people's legs off just for the experiment. I don't. look on the agricultural 

 farm as a place other than for preparing young men to make themselves 

 better farmers, better business men, better legislators, and for securing 

 an education that prepares them for future life, just as well as the 

 colleges prepare for the ministry or the law or medicine, and I think 

 that is the view that we will have to take of the farm at Davis— an 

 expense to the State for experimental purposes, but in the end a great 

 source of benefit and profit. 



COLONEL IRISH. Mr. Berwick wants this, as a State industry, owned 

 by the State, to pay. The State is running one productive industry now 

 as an owner, the State Printing Office, and I don't think it is fair to lay 

 the burden on the professors of this farm, that the State, in running its 

 own printing office, might show a profit; one is industrial, the other is a 

 training school. You might as well demand that the chemical labora- 

 tory in the University be self-supporting or show a profit; it is for 

 teaching purposes, and the loss comes through imparting knowledge to 

 the students. 



MR. BERWICK. I can see very well that in so far as it is an 

 experimental farm it can not pay, but I maintain the most essential 



