250 PROCEEDINGS OF THIRTY-THIRD FRUIT-GROWERS 7 CONVENTION. 



ment, and when grafter did not seize the money of the people; let us 

 laugh and rejoice that we live in a land of sunshine and flowers, that 

 California is our home and our earthly Paradise. 



MR. BOOTH. Mr. Chairman, in that paper there is one item to 

 which I would like to call your attention. Mrs. Sherman states that 

 she does not know who made the first raisins in California. They were 

 made by B. N. Bugby of Sacramento. His orchard was a little above 

 Nigger Hill, in El Dorado County. They were made in 1868. Shortly 

 after that, R. B. Blowers of Yolo County began to make them out of 

 the Muscat grape, and I believe the first quantity of grapes that Mr. 

 Blowers had was in 1870, and from that sprang this whole business of 

 raisin-making. 



MR. SPRAGUE. I would like to ask what appears to be the advan- 

 tage of leaving the canes so long the first year and then cutting them 

 down to two or three buds the next? 



DR. SHERMAN. It seems to be the experience there, that when 

 they have pruned their vines so short they have sacrificed so much of 

 the wood that they have reduced its vitality and it produces neither 

 the grapes nor the wood that it should produce, but by leaving the 

 crown higher they get more grapes. The Emperor grapes suffer in the 

 same way. The old Emperor vineyards in Fresno County to-day are 

 suffering from something of that kind. 



MR. FILCHER. How many canes do you use generally? 



DR. SHERMAN. That is a matter of judgment. We leave as much 

 wood as we think the vine will develop, according to its vigor. In this 

 new method of pruning we leave about four buds. It is all a matter of 

 judgment as to what the vine will stand. If it is in a heavy soil we 

 leave more than if in a light soil, and if the vine is vigorous we give it 

 all the wood we think it will stand. The vineyardists have been prun- 

 ing heretofore for big clusters and big grapes, and the Japanese and all 

 the others who make a business of pruning have learned this way of 

 pruning and they whack it off to make as much speed as possible. 



Mr. Isidor Jacobs, who was on the program for a paper on "Rela- 

 tions Between Fruit-Grower and Canner," was prevented from attend- 

 ing, but forwarded his paper, which is given below. 



RELATIONS BETWEEN FRUIT-GROWER AND CANNER. 



By ISIDOR JACOBS, of San Francisco. 



There can be no doubt that these relations should, and must necessa- 

 rily be, pleasant and mutual where both are agreed to do the right 

 thing by each other. It must be recognized that the fruit-canning 

 business of California only uses a small proportion of the fruit crop, 



